Philippine Prehistory: Lessons from the Historical Past Essay

During the time of this course, I’ve took in much progressively about the Philippines as a spot, just as the individuals themselves and about the things they do. Previously, I just went with the generalizations that everybody says about Filipino’s, they’re all short, they’re poor, and so on. At times, that remaining parts valid, yet not for every one of them out there. They additionally appear to be further developed in innovation than I suspected they were. There is significantly more to the individuals, the nation, the way of life and their rich history. A few things I didn’t think about the Philippines were that they had set up their own composing framework before they had any contact or information about others or dialects on the planet. Baybayin or Alibata comprised of 14 consonants and 3 vowels, while utilizing spots on the tops and bottoms of characters to recognize consonants with specific vowels and a cross underneath character which takes out the vowel, leaving only the consonant. They likewise had innovation of instruments, utilizing them to etch the Baybayin composing into bamboo shafts and making the Angono Petroglyphs and the Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI). The LCI was found and no one recognized what it was, nor did anybody need it. In any case, it held significant data about how society was in those days. The engraving was about the pardoning of an obligation. It was connected to a few urban communities that despite everything exist now. The Angono Petroglyphs exist in a collapse the area of Rizal. They contain pictures on rock dividers of creatures and people that go back to 3000 B. C. Presently days, because of disintegration of the dividers and destroying of the dividers, a few pictures have gotten vague. Something else about the Philippines that I didn’t think about was the Tabon man. The Tabon man is accounted for the most established known arrangement of bones found in the Tabon Caves said to go back 30,000 years making it the most established stays found in the Philippines. Some additionally trust it to be a lady. Some geologic things I didn’t think about were that the Philippines have three segments; Palawan, Mindanao, and Visayas. Inside these zones, there are more than 100 unique dialects communicated in, in spite of the fact that the national language is Filipino. In Mindanao, it is where the Islam religion is generally noticeable. It was presented 100 years before Christianity. The Philippines comprise of 7,100 Islands, however some of them just being above ocean level in low tide, and under ocean levels in elevated tide. There are just around 500 islands that are bigger than 1 square mile and just 800 of the 7,100 are occupied. The Philippines, in general, is around multiple times bigger than Hawaii. There are two articulated seasons, wet and dry, where June †November is wet and December †March is dry. Manila is the Capital of the Philippines and the Philippines has the second biggest shopping center on the planet, the Mall of Asia. The Philippines is unique in relation to how I had taken a gander at it previously, and now I find out about their way of life and how they live. This history is significant in light of the fact that it shows where these individuals have been and where they are going. Despite the fact that there may be some terrible things since forever to a great extent, it’s what carried the nation to where it is presently. This Country has more to offer than what I recently had idea and in my eyes, it appears to be a quite pleasant spot to visit or live in.

Private Equity Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Private Equity Funds - Essay Example These kinds of assets have immense contrast from the other speculation assets from the viewpoint of the business methodology utilized for looking for authority over the organizations where they have contributed (Cumming, 2009). These sorts of assets are additionally extraordinary in their structure since they are commonly close-finished and have limited life time. The private value reserves have fixed number of offers. Private Equity Firms Nowadays, the utilized buyout venture organizations are alluded to as the private value associations (Stowell, 2010; 2012). These kinds of firms are unique in relation to the funding firms which put resources into developing and youthful organizations and therefore can't look for the larger part control (Cumming and Johan, 2013). The development of private value firms emerged from the utilized buyouts. The utilized buyouts began during the 1980’s (Kaplan and Stromberg, 2009). The utilized buyouts had expanded quickly in this decade and bit b y bit the utilized buyout organizations became predominant corporate associations. The private value firms have been characterized as the decentralized associations with generally less quantities of representatives and venture experts. Huge private value firms are bigger in size yet littler than the organizations where they make the ventures. The assets raised by these private value firms are known as the private value reserves. ... The restricted accomplices are the institutional speculators like, people in general and corporate annuity reserves, insurance agencies or other well off financial specialists. Presently the inquiry emerges whether the private value organizations are the restricted accomplices or the general accomplices. These organizations go about as the general accomplices of the reserve. It is obligatory that the general accomplices give in any event one percent of the aggregate sum of capital. Be that as it may, some broad accomplices contribute much higher. These private value reserves have positive or fixed lifetime that ranges from 10 to 13 years. The private value firm has a timeframe of five years, for contributing the all out cash-flow to be financed to the organizations and afterward, an extra timespan of another five to eight years, for restoring the all out capital add up to the speculators. In the wake of giving the capital sum, the constrained accomplices don't have a lot to state abo ut how the general accomplices would convey the venture assets, till the fundamental substance of the genuine store understanding are trailed by these general accomplices. The fundamental substance of the store understanding remember limitations for the measure of reserve capital that can be put resources into one specific organization, kinds of protections where the reserve can be contributed and restrictions on the obligation sum. The general accomplice for example the private value firm, are commonly remunerated in three distinct ways. Initially, these general accomplices acquire an administration charge as a level of the complete capital submitted followed by a level of the absolute capital utilized, after the venture sum is figured it out. Furthermore, these organizations additionally bring about one segment of the benefit out of the store which is known as the ‘carried interest’. The conveyed intrigue equivalents to 20 percent

You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment

You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment Criteria â€" Essay Example > @2010IntroductionType 1 Diabetes mellitus occurs due to destruction of the autoimmune of the beta cells of the pancreas that have the role of producing insulin in the body. This is explained by Jill, (2006 p. 79) that failure of production of insulin results in high levels of glucose in the blood and in the urine. The symptoms that follow are frequent urination also known as polyuria, increased thirst also known as polydipsia and increased hunger also known as polyphagia. The person also loses weight as a result of this condition. This type of diabetes is fatal and must be treated with insulin. Diabetes is among the leading health threats among the Australians. It is a chronic illness that places those affected at risk of heart disease, kidney failure or even amputation. Documentations indicate that the condition is on increase in Australia and other parts of the world. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known but it is likely that some people have genes that predispose them to type 1diabetes. This case study therefore looks at the health issues of diabetes and all that is related to it. Occurrence of Type 1 diabetesThe type 1 diabetes is also called juvenile onset diabetes mellitus or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This condition can occur to individuals of all ages but it is most common among children and adolescents. In this condition, the beta cells may produce very little insulin or no insulin at all. The main role of insulin in the body is to move the blood sugar into inside the cells from where it can be stored to be used as a source of energy later. For diabetes patients to survive, they must inject themselves with insulin at least four injections per day. They must keep testing their blood sugar levels severally each day (Colman, Thomas, Zimmet, Welbon, Webb, Moore, 2005 p. 32-5). Type 1 diabetes accounts for abut 10 to 15 percent of all cases of diabetes in Australia. From the data found in Australian National Diabetes Register, about 15,000 new cases of diabetes type 1 were reported in Australia. However, majority of these cases were among people aged above fifteen years. These cases were lower compared to those reported among children below the age of fourteen years. This was the trend between the year 2000 and 2006. The average number of cases per day was three or more cases per day. This rate however decreased with age indicating that the rate was high among those close to fifteen years. Among those living with diabetes type 1 in Australia, fifty percent of them developed the condition when they were above fifteen years and most of them do not have family history of disease (Hofmann Greydanus, 2007 p. 46). Management of Type I diabetes among adolescentsManaging type 1 diabetes is a rather complex process that requires observing daily care activities, solving occurring problems and making personal decisions. This is very challenging especially among the adolescents who are experiencing several social, psychological and physiological changes at the time when they are faced with the responsibility of managing their diabetic condition. This becomes more challenging due to incorporation of the diabetes management tasks into their lifestyle which will then call for modification. Proper glucose control may reduce the risks of developing diabetes associated complications among the type 1 diabetes; adolescents usually have problems fitting in the difficult aspects of the diabetes treatment regime.

Leadership Communication Case Study Analysis - 1043 Words

Leadership Communication Case Study Analysis Communication is an essential skill for effective leadership that numerous people possess but might not know how to use correctly and fully. Leaders of today can put in effect new techniques, such as transformational leadership, and see how they bring changes in their staff and their work. The diversity in the staff of today’s workplace calls for a change in the way we communicate and the way leaders get along with staff and how staff see’s their leaders. Leaders need to keep in mind that being a good listener, directing their staff correctly, and ensuring that communication is open are things that are imperative in maintaining a decent work environment and establishing effective leadership. In the case of Ben Williams, the CEO of a public relations firm in our case study, he is lacking diversity in his communication skills. I appreciate the fact that he has recognized that his lack of appropriate leadership, and change are what has slowed progress and stumped communica tion within his firm. Williams would greatly benefit from taking a course in effective leadership communication skills. He could even just broaden his knowledge by doing some research on the subject. In this case I have done the research and have provided examples of how he can improve the communication from the top down and how he can bring forth changes in order for him to be a superior leader. There is a new idea roaming around in leadership that doesn’tShow MoreRelatedLeadership Roles And Its Impact On Organizations Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The role of leadership and leaders in any organization is crucial to its continuity and profitability. Leadership as a function in an organization determines the motivation of employees, working culture and efficiency among others. Countries in Africa such as Nigeria and other European countries face the same needs in terms of leadership. Background of the study Every organization is a social setup that is separate from the environment in which it exists and pursues its own goals asRead MoreOrganizational Culture Assesment1717 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis B: Organizational Culture Assessment Life is stressful and the value of the healthy organization is measured by the quality of the work-life balance of the employees. Even the best-managed organizations have stressors occurring on the regular and the irregular periods. Those regular stressors, such as quarterly reports or financial tides are expected. The unplanned and often unsuspected stressors occur within the organization. These unplanned stressors will create chaos and an unhealthyRead MoreTransformational Leadership And Transformational Leaders1345 Words   |  6 Pagesof the current study: â€Å"What does the literature have to say about adoption of the innovation and transformational leadership?† The purpose of the current study is to conduct a rapid assessment of the innovation literature to explore the extent to which transformational leadership influences diffusion and adoption of innovation and to provide several topics for future research. The transformational school of leadership was discussed in detail by Burns in his seminal work on leadership (1978). He definesRead MoreImproving The Business Writing Skills Of Students Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesof learning. Do the students who have graduated actually have the skill they were promised? The case study focused on business writing in an MBA program and presented a perspective, five steps for improvement for MBA students’ writing skills. Furthermore, the study provided examples used in the assessment process as well as data analysis used close the circle in the learning cycle. Consequently, the study finished with ideas for future improvement and lessons learned in the process. The major concernRead MoreThe Genzyme Sanofi Renassist Program: A Case Study874 Words   |  3 PagesSynopsis The Genzyme Sanofi Renassist Program is the focus of this case study. This program has experienced a major growth and new problems have surfaced because of this jump in workload. The problems faced by this small organization suggest that these types of programs require a comprehensive philosophy and method to address communication and systematic failures that occur without a vision or mission statement. In this case there has been a 50% jump in applications for this drug program and asRead MoreNogo Railroad Case Analysis971 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Nogo WEEK ONE CASE STUDY: NOGO RAILROAD In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Managing Innovation and Change- Section B ( NOGO RAILROAD CASE ANALYSIS FORM I. Problems A. Macro Looking at the situation form a macro standpoint, the problems that can be identified from this case analysis is that the organizations policies and practices are outdated, and under designed. This problem creates unwanted debt to the company, and does not allow for transitional change managementRead MoreEffective Communication And Good Leadership Skills1340 Words   |  6 Pagesway (Linjuan Rita Men, 2015). Managers or leaders for such task are responsible for successful communication and understanding of messages with each and every attendee involved. A person having good leadership skills but lack in skills of communication will never be preferred in any industry for conduction and delivering meetings and speeches or any other sort of public communication. Effective communication skills are necessary not only in business meetings but also in several other private and publicRead MoreHomelessness, Housing And Or Child Welfare1313 Words   |  6 Pagesassisted in locating suitable housing for case participants as a Social Worker, a Volunteer Guardian ad Litem, and Volunteer at Teen Hope. (c) child welfare - Previously as a Volunteer Guardian ad Litem, I served as a legal court-appointed Special Advocate on behalf of foster children in cases of child neglect. My duties included, but were not limited to working with a team of caseworkers and investigators conducting research and analysis to advocate for case participants needs. Recently I’ve obtainedRead MoreA Motivational Theory Of Charismatic Leadership960 Words   |  4 Pages Choi, J. (2006). A motivational theory of charismatic leadership: Envisioning, empathy, and empowerment. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 13(1), 24-43. According to Choi (2006), reports that empowerment usually refers to delegating or sharing power with followers, but also to implement various managerial interventions that enable members to feel as sense of choice in initiating and regulating actions, and influencing strategy, administration, or operating outcomes at work. TheRead MoreHigh Quality Education Is An Opportunity For Childhood Education920 Words   |  4 Pagesfulfillment of childhood learning and advancement. Research shows that nine factors make up high performing schools (Center, 1999): a clear and shared focus, high standards and expectations for all students, effective school leadership, high levels of collaboration and communication, curriculum, instruction and assessments aligned with state standards, frequent monitoring of teaching and learning, focused professional development, a supportive learning environment, high levels of parents and community

What You Do Not Know About Princeton Essay Samples

What You Do Not Know About Princeton Essay Samples Most Noticeable Princeton Essay Samples Utilizing a writing service is the best method to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting all the crucial points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. It is really a quest to locate a comprehensive essay sample online which is both free of charge and is well-written. It's crucial that the service you select knows for sure they're only choosing the ideal essay writers. Simply speaking, the service exists, so should you wish to use it in order to find a top essay, that's reason enough. This section has two examples of excellent college essays. You may discover how-to guides that we've covered in the essay section and combine it together with samples. In samples you may discover fantastic examples and illustrations that it is possible to use in your essay to clarify the important points and make your writing more interesting without extra work. Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. You may want to include an extra essay if you feel the college application forms do not offer sufficient chance to convey important information regarding yourself or your accomplishments. It's hard work that makes change. For instance, you are able to learn from useful strategies or on the illustration of other folks who already succeeded in a given sphere. Don't neglect to explain why the challenge is valuable to you! Apparently, understanding how to clean burning oil isn't high on the list of things every 9-year-old should know. You would need to research past events or a past court case as a portion of your work. You are going to get a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and regions of improvement. You may have a hard finding work in academic field. A history major can make a selection of job skills he or she could include things like covers letters, job applications and resumes. The New Fuss About Princeton Essay Samples Paragraph 4 considers several explanations for why river clean-up plans might not be successful (the plans could be nothing more than campaign promises or funding might not be adequate). Therefore, it goes without saying, so as to be admitted to Princeton, you've got to be one bright kid. The point is that the opening quote needs to be integrated into or lead naturally into the opening paragraph and thus flow on through the remainder of the essay. There isn't a prompt to steer you, which means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story that you want to tell. Each paragraph within the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is vital to the argument. This sample ought to help you begin with writing even when you are having writer's block. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. In conclusion, the statement isn't logical since there are a few errors in it. The university can be found in South Africa. At this time, you're applying to Babson College. Colleges are interested in finding a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Don't forget, Princeton would like to learn more aboutyou, so make certain to let your personality shine through. Fee WaiverWe want to be sure that Princeton is accessible to all candidates, no matter their personal family's fiscal circumstance. Ruthless Princeton Essay Samples Strategies Exploited This essay is a great place to talk about your family's history and culture. Like another college major, you'd be doing plenty of reading. Ultimately, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. If traveling to Princeton from afar, instructions on how best to book travel will be given. The 5-Minute Rule for Princeton Essay Samples Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the very best service for everything you want to understand about how to pick the best writing businesses. It's the details that actually make this little experience come alive. When you locate a service you want, don't neglect to look at my review of it. Your solution shouldn't be a boo k report. The 5-Minute Rule for Princeton Essay Samples As a consequence the state expects that water sports increase. The statement also assumes that in the event the state cleans up the river, using the river for water sports will surely increase. Or perhaps you're sick of the Tri-State region. Examine the place out sometime.

Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades Free Essays

Tourism was never a major part of everyday life in a HIC. In 1955 there were approximately 36,000 visitors to Kenya in Africa and it generated i1. 6 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades or any similar topic only for you Order Now However only a decade later (2005) there was about 1. 2 million visitors and that generated about i800 million. What are the reasons for this startling development? and what are the impacts on the environment and the local indigenous tribes or cities? Now a days there are more forms of tourism. These are: Ecotourism (a sustainable form of tourism that has respect for the environment and the local cultures), Adventure tourism (trekking, cycling, climbing etc) and cultural tourism (visits to historical sites, interesting cities and different cultures). In 1841, a mass excursion (expedition/trip) from Loughborough to Leicester was organised by Tomas Cooke. This was a huge success and after this Tomas Cooke went on to developed trips to more distance destinations. Also railways and sea link were opened up. Also 30 years after starting his excursions he started his first round the world trip (video 183 development of tourism sheet). From that point on holidays were the ‘must have for the people of Britain. ‘ Most of the rich people spent their holidays in Blackpool. In the early 1900’s it became the resort for the ‘common people’. One of the main reasons for this was because there were ‘works week’ which was a week of full pay for a holiday in Blackpool. There are a lot of reasons for the growth of tourism over the decades these are: there are more holidays on offer so people can go on holiday for anything up to 4 weeks long. Also because there are more long haul flights to exotic destinations it is quite cheap to travel to other countries (e. g. a flight to Cape Town (South Africa) is i350). Also the other reasons for the growth in global tourism are: people can retire early with pension and go on longer holidays. Also there are a lot more people with less children due to working so people can go on great adventure holidays without worrying about their children. There are also people with a greater affluence (people are generally wealthier than in the past, and there is more money to spend on luxury items such as holidays and leisure pursuits (new key geography for GCSE p. 231), there is also a lot more mobility and accessibility (the increase of car ownership and improvements in the roads, rail and air travel. These reduce travel time and make it a lot easier). Also there are more package holidays (cheaper holidays are possible with block bookings and deals where travel, accommodation and meals are all included in the price). And finally there are tonnes and tonnes of advertising for various luxury holidays. These include brochures and holiday programmes; these promote new and different places and activities. People are now more aware of holiday opportunities available to them. As you can see there are a lot of reasons for the recent growth of tourism and there will be plenty more in the near future. B. For a named example, discuss the social, economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism growth Kenya is one of the most visited countries by tourists in the whole of Africa; in 1991 there were over 800,000 tourists that visited Kenya. This also brought approximately i4 billion. However, even though mass tourism can have its benefits it can have a lot of impacts on the population, the environment and the economy of the country as well. There are a lot of environmental impacts in Kenya due to tourism. Most of these impacts are very serious and are damaging the local environment and ruining the habitats for the wildlife. For example, on the coastline the boats that takes various tourists out to see the wildlife or go diving. However, the boats then anchor to the coral reef; this causes the corral to die and ruins the habitat for the fish. Also the beaches are overcrowded and are littered and the cars that people can drive around causes pollution. This can be a problem because if sulphur dioxide is released into the atmosphere then acid rain can be caused. Eroding the rocks and the corral reefs around the coastline. Thus destroying the local environment ran How to cite Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades, Papers

Speech to Inform Essay Example

Speech to Inform Essay Speech To Inform Speech to inform:Euro-2012 In April 2007, Ukraine and Poland were named co-hosts for Euro 2012 tournament. This joint bid, taking into account Ukraines tough economic condition and administration problems, has become a headache for UEFA President Michel Platini. The matches will be staged at eight venues, divided between the co-host countries. Ukraine is behind the schedule, having problems with modernization of airports, roads, and rail networks. As a co-host country, Poland seems to be doing better than Ukraine. Yet, it also has lots of problems. Platini made it clear that without modern stadiums in capital cities, Warsaw and Kiev, neither Poland nor Ukraine would host Euro-2012. Platini persuades Europe that football will develop in the East to an unimagined level after Euro-2012. It is true that football is very popular in Poland and in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Football teams have rich sponsors and good training centers. Their football stars for leading football clubs, like Andrei Shevchenko, a world-class star of the Ukrainian origin. Warsaws preparation for Euro-2012 is in full swing. The National Stadium in Warsaw is being constructed. Although the winter was not favorable for construction, much had been done to construct the stadiums diaphragm. The UEFA delegation visited Vrozlaw to assess the capacities of its airport and hotel accommodation. The new air terminals capacity will be seven million passengers yearly. A Polish-Greek consortium will build a stadium in Vroclaw with a stand for 42000 spectators. The Olympic stadium in Kiev is being reconstructed as well. Ukraine started to build a stadium in Lwow. Ukrainian authorities promise to finish the construction on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The final list of city-hosts will have been prepared by the middle of May 2009. Each country hopes to host at least four venues. For example, besides Ukraines capital Kiev it may be Donetsk whose construction sites are sponsored by local oligarchs, owners of the local sports club Shakhtar. It may be Lwow that borders on Poland and has historical places under UNESCO protection. Poland and Ukraine were a surprise choice for Euro-2012, and Ukraine, in particular, still is. Football fans expect a lot from Euro-2012. There may be inconveniences, like unsatisfactory infrastructure in Ukraine. Poland could organize Euro-2012 alone. Ukraine as a co-host is a political decision that is more symbolic than pragmatic. Speech to Inform:Terorrism The anti-terrorist movement after 9/11 disaster. It has taken a burdensome mission to lead the global anti-terrorist movement, with the enemy invisible, hidden, and unpredictable. This mission gave birth to many mistakes and distorted the idea of a noble peacemaking mission. Civilian populations in Iraque and Afghanistan got involved; no progress was made against terrorism as the evil of the 21st century. Notorious violations of civil and human rights in Iraque ended in many protests, especially in the Muslim world. Terrorism is the plaque of the 21st century. Global mass media terrorize populations with the reports of shocking terrorist attacks. But the roots of terrorism remain untouched. Yet, terrorism may be viewed from the three perspectives. Terrorists defend their civil and human rights, they fight against injustice and discrimination. This is their story that must be heard. Victims suffer physically and psychologically from terrorist activities. They experience pressure, instability, danger, and unsafety. For them, terrorists are criminals that deliberately take away human lives. The public opinion depends on the attitude to either terrorists or victims. In the Muslim world terrorists may be treated as victims. In the rest of the world terrorists are considered to be criminals whose acts of severe violence must be punished. Terrorism is an asymmetric form of conflict because it always divides all the participants involved. It is a strategy and tactic, a duty and a crime, a reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination. Terrorism attracts public attention by committing severe acts of violence in public places and endangering lives of lots of people. It is savage-like and inhuman, for it values neither the life of a freedom fighter nor the life of a victim who is killed or badly injured only because he or she happened to be in the target place. Terrorists kill to obtain public exposure. The United States has defined the anti-terrorist priority measures. They include chemical plant security, transit security, terrorism risk insurance, disaster response, nuclear waste, and drinking water safety. It is hard to curb terrorism for several reasons. First, terrorists are well organized and have a strong network which is tied by fanatic faith in their cause. Second, terrorists are unseen. They are scattered all over the world, arranging terrorist attacks in unpredictable places. Third, terrorists are outrageous and resolute, fearless and stubborn to give their lives for their cause. Fourth, terrorists have support of the civilians who are on their side. Terrorism is our nightmare, unseen danger that may cost us our life. Terrorism is a criminal act, since no fight for justice can be justified by murders of innocent people. Without extricating the roots of terrorism, our governments will never achieve positive results. Terrorism is a response to oppression, poverty, and discrimination. When human rights are universally respected, terrorism will not have a justifiable soil under its feet. Cultivate love, not hate in your heart. Try to understand what drives terrorists. Remember, terrorism is like a love triangle: it is different form a terrorists, victims or public opinions perspectives. Speech To Actuate efinition – A speech intended to make an audience perform an action as desied by the speaker. The typical example, the characteristics of contents, development and manner of delivery would depend upon whether the action is to secure through either emotional arousal (Speech to Stimulate) or intellectual agreement (Speech to Convince). Common Errors Antaginizing your audience by dictating to or brow-beating them. Lead; don’t push! Begging ! Don’t give the impression that you have nothing to offer. Threating! This brings only resentment. Taking the negative approach by describing in unfluttering or caustic terms fail to do as you ask. Talking so far past the point of â€Å"closing the deal† that acceptance, or antagonism. Speech To Persuade HACC, Lancaster Campus Speech 101, Mr. Fernandes THE SPEECH TO PERSUADE (An Example) Note: The data presented in this sample speech is fictitious and is intended only as a backdrop for this illustration. Also, this example illustrates a mid point between the initial narrative form and the final note card form of the speech. This entire speech should be reduced to three or four 5 X 8 note cards for an extemporaneous presentation. Remember, the less narrative data on the note cards, the less temptation to read. Introduction 1. Attention: I wonder how many of us came to class tonighta wondering whether or not we would make it home safely? Most of us are not usually preoccupied with these type thoughts. But did you know that during the past 14 months 27 people have been seriously injured and 4 have been killed within one block of where you are sitting right now? 2. Personal Introduction: Good Evening, Im Jerry Fernandes 3. Motivational Statement: and tonight, Im going to provide you with some information that can literally save your life. In doing this Ill talk about 4. Overview: The nature of a serious problem that we are facing And then, Ill cover What has been done by city officials and law enforcement so far to resolve this problem And finally, Ill discuss What we can do now to protect ourselves from the threat this problem poses Body I. The problem that we are facing is the deadly intersection of H Street and Laurel Avenue. This intersection is dangerous to us all because it has no stop light. According to a summary of Lompoc City Police reports filed within the last 14 months, there have been 19 collisions at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Of these, 19 collisions, 11 were attributed to the failure of East/West Laurel Avenue traffic to stop at H Street. The remaining 8 accidents were attributed to motorist traveling North an d South on H Street, striking cars in the rear that had just turned on to H street from Laurel Avenue. An analysis of Lompoc traffic accidents was prepared by Mr. J. T. Brown of the California Department of Motor Vehicles Mishap Investigation Division, and published February 22nd,1996. In this analysis, the underlying cause of these specific 19 traffic accidents was listed as the lack of adequate traffic control at the intersection of H Street and Laurel Avenue. The analysis further went on to site the installation of a traffic signal as the recommended solution. I have copies of both the Summary of Lompoc City Police reports and Mr. Browns analysis If you would care to review them for yourself later. Well, now that weve examined the nature of the threat we are facing lets take a look at what has been done so far to defend against this threat. II. Debate by city officials and increased patrols by law enforcement have not solved the problem. The Lompoc City Council has debated installing a traffic signal. During the last two City Council meetings held in January and February of this year, the council acknowledged the need for a traffic signal but concluded that the cost of $127,000. 00 would take away from funds needed for other city projects. Police increased patrol of this dangerous area from October to December of 1996. 6 of the 19 accidents occurred during this three month period. Police can not be permanently assigned to observe one intersection. Manning just wont permit that. - According to Patrolman Danny Glover, a Lompoc City Policeman who was involved in the additional patrol of the H Street and Laurel Avenue intersection area (and I quote) While Police were present an d visible, people were normally more careful, but when no police were present it was business as usual. So weve taken a look at what has been done so far, now lets look at what we can do to further protect ourselves. III. In order to protect ourselves and those we love, we can drive defensively, but most importantly, we must demand a traffic light be installed without further delay. Driving defensively is always a good idea. Just being aware of a dangerous situation will naturally make us more alert. The more attentive we are anywhere, but particularly at this dangerous intersection, the more apt we are to avoid an accident. ut driving defensively is just not enough We must have that traffic signal and we must have it NOW!!! When we get this traffic signal installed we will all be safer. Tragedies will be prevented. The city council must hear our voices. Remember, 27 people have already been seriously injured and 4 have died at this intersection. $127,000. 00 may be a lot of mon ey but can we afford not to spend it on a traffic signal for the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street? How long will it be before you and I are one of those accident victims? How often do you use this Intersection? Will you use this intersection tonight when you leave class? We cant wait any longer !!!!! If we do not act now and demand the installation of this traffic signal then we will be contributing to the injuries and deaths and pain to surviving families because of our lack of action. We must act now!! The next City Council meeting will be held April 12th, next Thursday at 7:00 p. m.. The agenda includes comments and a call to vote on this traffic signal issue. The more of us who attend that council meeting and support immediate installation of a traffic signal, the better the chance we will have of getting it . Ladies and Gentlemen, attend that meeting with me and with me, demand this traffic signal be installed immediately!!! Conclusion 1. Summary: Well, tonight we Took a look at the nature of a serious problem we are all facing. The Intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street is a disaster waiting to happen to you and me and those we love. Remember the two separate documents which point to the lack of a traffic signal at this dangerous intersection as a prime contributing factor in the accidents which occurred there. Remember the 27 injured and 4 who were killed there, not one block from where we are right now. then We discussed what has been done so far by both city officials and law enforcement to deal with this problem. We saw that the City Council has been debating installing a traffic signal. We saw that the Police Department tried increased patrol of the area. But remember the words of Patrolman Glover, when he said that as soon as police were not immediately present it was business as usual. and finally We looked at what we can do to further protect ourselves from the threat posed by the serious problem of no traffic signal at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Remember, driving defensively is always a good idea. But most importantly, we saw that the immediate installation of a traffic signal is o ur best defense against this threat and we need to let our City Council know that we cant wait any longer. . Purpose Statement: So, ladies and gentlemen, now you have the information that can literally save your life. And so the time for action is here. I urge you to go to the City Council meeting with me next Thursday at 7:00 p. m. and demand a traffic signal be installed at the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street immediately!!! 3. Closure: If you need a ride to the meeting or if you have any questions, see me after class. Ill be happy to talk with you. Speech To Persuade Topic: Please Help Keep the World Safe SP: I want to actuate you to support banning guns Thesis: We should oppose gun ownership because guns are a weapon of violence and they increase the number of children who die each year which in turn makes people blind to the fact they are killing their own children. Introduction: Question: How many of you think guns are necessary to protect yourself? Would you feel the same way if you knew how often guns kill children? I dont think so! Magazines usually tell people how beautiful and powerful guns are, and never mention how many children get hurt by guns everyday. But I am here to ask all of you to oppose gun ownership because the fact is that guns are a weapon of violence, they take more lives away every year, and they make people blind to the fact they are killing their own children. I. Reason one: Having guns around the house creates the opportunity for lethal violence. A. People with guns who have unstable feelings or tempers can lead to violent consequences very easily. 1. My experience in a Chinese restaurant. (Explain) 2. A friend of my father shot his wife because of a simple argument. II. Reason two: Guns pose such a significant risk to children. A. Thousands of children dying by the gunfire each year. 1. Statistic: Eight children every day; and more than 50 children every week were killed by the gunfire. And every year, at least 4 to 5 times as many kids and teens suffer from non-fatal firearm injuries. (Childrens Defense Fund and National Center for Health Statistics) 2. Do we really need guns in our society? B. The rate of firearm deaths of children 0-14 years old is nearly twelve times higher in the U. S. than in 25 other developed nations combined. 1. Statistic: In one year, firearms killed no children in Japan, 19 in Great Britain, 57 in Germany, 109 in France, 153 in Canada, and 5,285 in the United States. (National Center for Health Statistics, 1997) 2. According to a study led by Matthew Miller found that in states where more guns are available, children are more likely to be victims of firearm- related deaths. . Children aged 5 to 14 living in one of the five high-gun states were twice as likely to commit suicide or to be murdered, three times as likely to die from firearm homicide, seven times as likely to die from firearm suicide, and 16 times as likely to die from a firearm-related accident. The study suggests the higher death rates are largely related to gun availability and are not due to difference in levels of poverty, education, or urbanization in these states. (Humphries as cited in Miller study, p. 1) b. People kill people with the use of guns III. Reason three: Guns create more family tragedies. A. Life can be taken very easily by improper use of firearms 1. Quote: Kalie was my baby sister, she loved pink. We were playing with her dolls. I found a gun in the drawer. It went off. I made Kalie go away. I hate me. (Atwan, America Now, 2003. Page 260) B. People might think that they can keep their weapons properly, but if there are no guns at all, there would be no chance of any gun-related accidents. C. Just think of Columbine High School and the senseless shootings there and all the families impacted by that tragedy. Conclusion: Bullets cannot be taken back, and the profit of firearm businesses cannot buy the lives that have been taken by firearms; therefore, we need to oppose gun ownership. I challenge you, the audience, to oppose gun ownership and save a life! Speech To Entertain Speaking to the Young Peoples Society in Greepoint, Brooklyn, in 1901, Mark Twain advised, â€Å"Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. † Writers Block Speeches that entertain can have a more profound effect on your life than speeches that inform or persuade. Thats because entertaining speeches are delivered at social occasions that give you the opportunity to ingratiate yourself with your audience. This often results in promotions, new employment opportunities, business contacts, and other goodies. For centuries, speakers have been called upon to â€Å"say a few words† at various social events. These include club meetings, dinners, parties, graduations, holidays, weddings, and ribbon cuttings—all our social functions. Sometimes these speeches help create greater unity within an organization. Other times, they honor individuals or fulfill part of a social ritual or special ceremony. What makes these speeches different from the other forms Ive described so far is their purpose: They dont inform or persuade. Instead, they entertain. Heres how to write speeches that weave the social fabric a bit tighter. Crowd Pleaser When it comes to speeches that entertain, if you cant be brief, at least be memorable. Write a speech thats easy to remember and tantalizing for the press to quote. For example, Winston Churchill was once asked to give the commencement address at Oxford University. Following his introduction, he walked to the podium, said â€Å"Never, never give up,† and took his seat. When you write a speech that entertains, always start by assessing your audience. You know that audience analysis is a crucial component in every writing situation, but its especially vital when youre writing an entertaining speech because here, your listeners are gathered to have a good time. They dont have to stay to gather information or to listen to your viewpoint (so they can later rebut it). As a result, always start by thinking how you can make sure the audience gets what they came for. Consider their likes and dislikes and their level of sophistication. Author! Author! President Woodrow Wilsons Declaration of War Against Germany speech (1917) contains the famous line: â€Å"The world must be made safe for democracy. † The speech is also remarkable for Wilsons insistence that â€Å"we have no quarrel with the German people †¦ We fight without rancor and without selfish object. † Such self-restraint and Wilsons promise that victory would result in â€Å"a universal dominion of right† helped win liberal support for the war effort. Come on Baby, Let the Good Times Roll After you complete your audience analysis, select a central theme, just as you did with informative and persuasive speeches. But here, remember that your audience just wants to have fun. Your topic should be genial, good-natured, and suited to you: after all, if youre not having fun, how can anyone else party hearty? Your overall theme should be †¦ †¢Optimistic. This is not the time to unburden your soul and let it all hang out. Keep it light. †¢Uncomplicated. Dont make your audience do any heavy lifting to get your point. Instead, develop your speech around one or two points that your listeners can grasp easily. †¢Lively. Select a theme that can be illustrated by pertinent anecdotes and humorous stories (if humor works with your comfort zone). But wait! Every entertaining speech, no matter how light and amusing, should have at least one serious point. A speech thats all sweetness and light can border on empty. Including one serious point serves as an anchor, so people feel like their getting their moneys worth, like the prize in the Cracker Jack box. The Line-Up Write Angles Open with your strongest anecdote and close with your second strongest one. Your listeners (just like your readers) will remember the beginning and end of your speech most clearly. Heres my favorite way to organize an entertaining speech: 1. Open with an anecdote. Select one that directly relates to your audience or purpose. 2. Explain the point of the anecdote. Describe how your speech will be organized around this point. 3. Beef up your theme with additional anecdotes. Remember to spread your anecdotes evenly through your speech so the really good stuff isnt all bunched in the beginning, middle, or end. 4. Conclude by restating your central point. 5. Finish with a great anecdote to ensure a memorable ending. Model Entertaining Speech #1 The following entertaining speech is by Mark Twain (1835-1910), one of the most captivating writers and speakers to ever grace a podium. Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, rocketed to fame with humorous local-color tales of the West; he became a media darling by transforming stories of his childhood into American myth. Twain was extraordinarily popular on the lecture circuit, a popular venue for public entertainment before movies, television, radio, and Madonna. Heres his speech: Author! Author! On May 13, 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill prepared England to battle the Nazis with these famous words: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. †¢You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs—Victory in spite of all terrors—Victory, how ever long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. †¢My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance efore an audience of human beings. By a direct process of memory I go back forty years, less one month—for Im older than I look. †¢I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a reporter, and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer. I knew that nothing short of compulsion would get me to the theater. So I bound myself by a hard-and-fast contract so that I could not escape. I got to the theater forty-five minutes before the hour set for the lecture. My knees were shaking so that I didnt know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful, horrible malady in the world, it is stage fright—and seasickness. They are a pair. I had stage fright then for the first and last time. I was only seasick once, too. I was on a little ship on which there were two hundred other passengers. I—was—sick. I was so sick that there wasnt any left for those other two hundred passengers. †¢It was dark and lonely behind the scenes in that theater, and I peeked through the little peek holes they have in theater curtains and looked into the big auditorium. That was dark and empty, too. By and by it lighted up, and the audience began to arrive. I had a number of friends of mine, stalwart men, to sprinkle themselves throughout the audience armed with clubs. Every time I said anything they could possibly guess I intended to be funny, they were to pound those clubs on the floor. Then there was a kind lady in a box up there, also a good friend of mine, the wife of the governor. She was to watch me inten tly, and whenever I glanced toward her she was going to deliver a gubernatorial laugh that would lead the whole audience into applause. †¢At last I began. I had the manuscript tucked under a United States flag in front of me where I could get at it in case of need. But I managed to get started without it. I walked up and down—I was young in those days and needed the exercise— and talked and talked. †¢Right in the middle of the speech I had placed a gem. I had put in a moving, pathetic part which was to get at the hearts and souls of my hearers. When I delivered it, they did just what I hoped and expected. They sat silent and awed. I had touched them. Then I happened to glance up at the box where the governors wife was—you know what happened. †¢Well, after the first agonizing five minutes, my stage fright left me, never to return. I know if I was going to be hanged I could get up and make a good showing, and I intend to. But I shall never forget my feelings just before the agony left me, and I got up here to thank you for helping my daughter, by your kindness, to live through her first appearance. And I want to thank you for your appreciation of her singing, which is, by the way, hereditary. Model Entertaining Speech #2 Since odds are that youll be writing and delivering more entertaining speeches than any other kind (and sweating more over them), heres another model you can use. This is an outstanding graduation speech delivered on May 21, 1998, by Jennifer L. Joyner-Lebling, the valedictorian of the graduating class at the State University of New York College of Technology at Farmingdale. Notice how Ms. Joyner-Lebling graciously credits others. Voyage of Discovery †¢Chairman Mastroianni, Dr. Cipriani, honored members of the college council, faculty, staff, fellow classmates, family, and friends, I am honored to have been selected Valedictorian of the graduating class of 1998. I am honored to represent your commitment, dedication, and accomplishment in achieving your goal to be here today. †¢Congratulations to all of you. As our celebrations end later today, consider tomorrow and realize that graduation is just one giant step in a very important direction. For some of us, this step has been a struggle full of obstacles, barriers, and distractions—for others it has not been that easy. However, through our struggles we have still accomplished our goal, and we are here today to celebrate our achievements. This awesome achievement we have made together, as well as the individual achievements of our team members. †¢Like Karen Conner, the Valedictorian for the Associates degree, who was awarded the National Scholarship from the Institute of Management Accountants. And like Michael Rodriquez of the Aerospace program, the recipient of the John L. Godwin Memorial Flight Scholarship awarded by the National Air Transportation Association Foundation. Each are receiving Chancellors Awards for Student Excellence. †¢And like Ornamental Horticulture graduates Pat Haugen, Elizabeth Boruke, Melissa Rig o, Steve Langella, Jessica Bottcher, Matt McFadden, and Steve Noone, who were members of a team which took first place at the Mid-Atlantic Horticultural Field Day at Suffolk Community College. Today is the culmination of a lot of work, a lot of sweat, a lot of tears, and a lot of money †¦ but we are not finished. This is not final. It is, however, a significant milestone in our voyage of discovery. We have just emerged on a whole new level. You are all outstanding representatives of our graduating class. But none of us accomplished these feats alone. We had our families, partners, and friends—and we had the tutelage and guidance of some pretty incredible teachers. Before you leave today, be sure to thank at least one teacher from whom you have learned while at SUNY Farmingdale, and let them know that they are appreciated. Thank you Dr. Gary Brown for your enthusiasm and passion for your subjects and for your interest in and concern for your students. †¢Thank you Dr. Richard Iversen for your never-ending support, encouragement, and mentoring. You have both made a substantial impact on my education and on my future. †¢Thank you Gary, Fred, Debbie, and Danielle for your guidance and friendship. †¢French novelist Marcel Proust once said, â€Å"The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes. In receiving our diplomas today, we are receiving â€Å"new eyes. † Use what you have learned here at SUNY Farmingdale to see things in ways in which you have never noticed before. Continue to learn. Open your minds to new ideas and concepts. We leave here with the ability to make a change, the capability to make a difference, and the responsibility to make a contribution. Congratulations to you, my fellow graduates, and good luck to you as you continue on your voyage of discovery Speech To Convince Home Birth Summit Finally! Midwives from different tracks will be joined by conscientious OBs, pediatricians, nurses and academics The Home Birth Consensus Summit will be a two- to three-day multidisciplinary summit with the goal of developing areas of consensus on the provision of home birth services in the United States What if I told you that there was a way to bring your child into the world without going through the process of delivery. Well, I would be lying. However, there are alternate means of delivery and I would like to talk to you about the differences between medical intevention childbirth and natural childbirth, also known as â€Å"prepared† childbirth. I will be noting research from several books, but most importantly, I will be giving you firsthand insight into this beautiful procedure. I chose to have my daughter by natural childbirth and I believe that if you are facing an uncomplicated delivery, you should too. Situation: Too many parents rely on unnecessary medicalized childbirth. Most parents feel like they need complicated medical supervision for this procedure that has been common since the dawn of man. Many mothers do not believe they can endure the pain without medication. Many parents have not been properly exposed to the concepts of natural childbirth and have therefore never seriously considered and researched prepared childbirth as a feasible option. Problem: Medicalized childbirth presents certain health risks. Painkillers can cross the placenta and cause adverse effects on your baby. According to the Fundamentals of Human Sexuality, these risks can include irregular heartbeat, higher rates of jaundice, breathing and temperature regulation problems and reduced muscle strength. According to Choosing Waterbirth, women who receive epidural during labor are twice as likely to have a cesarean section delivery. Fundamentals of Human Sexuality expands on this, noting that the U. S. has the highest cesarean birthrate in the world. Pain is something that no mother wants to deal with, but there are natural alternatives to painkillers. Massage therapy and other relaxation techniques can help a woman manage pain. According to â€Å"Choosing Waterbirth† the body produces natural endorphines to help you feel less pain. Medical intervention is more chaotic than natural childbirth. Studies show that adrenaline has a negative impact on the delivery experience and can actually offset the natural effects of pain fighting endorphines. The process of natural childbirth often involves serene settings with calm music and dim lighting. This contrasts sharply with the hospital experience. Maternity patients in a hospital are rushed though a checklist of medical procedures that can agitate an already nervous expecting mother. According to the New Midwifery, Midwives work hard to relax the patient, adapting their normal processes to the needs and desires of the parents. This helps promote a tranquillity that you won’t find in a sterile hospital environment. And finally, there is a cost component to hospital delivery that may not be necessary for most births. Hospitals use complicated procedures to manage risks that are not always present. Impressive, but expensive, medical technology has been developed in recent years to help doctors manage complicated high-risk births. However, the basic birthing process has been around since the beginning of time and the secrets of safe, effective delivery were thought out long before these modern advancements. Natural substitutions can achieve the same results as costly medical alternatives. For example, an IV solution to keep a woman hydrated during labor will cost more than simply allowing her to drink juice, as is customary in natural childbirth. Conclusion: Now, you may be thinking that this sounds like a great procedure but it is not for you. You may think that you cannot handle the pain or that you don’t want to deal with the risk. However, consider how you will feel after delivery as you are preparing your baby book for nostalgia. Do you want your recollection to be a blur of doctors, machines, and drug induced gaps in your memories or do you want it to be a happy remembrance of a loving experience with your family? With the right preparation, this can be a wonderful way to welcome your new addition into the world. Speech To Convince Downloading Music by Tobias Varland5 SPEECH GOAL: I want to convince members of the audience that they should not download music from the Internet. Audience Adaptation Plan AUDIENCE ATTITUDE: When I asked people about their feelings about downloading, I found that most realized that it was easy to do and that it saved them time and money. There was a general belief that downloading didn’t really hurt companies that much. But most also mentioned that they realized that it was not the right thing to do, but with so many doing it, chances of being caught were pretty low. As I put these data together, I determined that although the audience was not set against downloading, they were not totally in favor of doing it either. So I put the majority in the group of undecided, or not that worried about the consequences. REASONS: I believe that the three reasons that are most likely to convince the audience are that downloading is really harmful to companies, that downloading is harmful to the computer (few people even mention this as a possible downside), and that downloading is not only illegal, but can be costly. 3-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 262Chapter 13 Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience 263 SELECTING AN ORGANIZATION TO MEET AUDIENCE NEEDS: Given that the majority of the class seemed indifferent or certainly not worried about the consequences, I determined that a logical reasons approach was appropriate. I have organized my speech in such a way that it will gain momentum throughout the speech, and (hopefully) by the end of the speech the audience will have no choice but to consider my suggestions. Outline INTRODUCTION I. Over the past few weeks I’ve discovered that large numbers of people are doing something that in my mind is unbelievably stupid. II. They’re saving approximately 99 cents for doing something that could cost them as much as $150,000. III. They’re downloading copyrighted music off the Internet. THESIS STATEMENT: There are three good reasons for not downloading music off the Internet: it’s extremely harmful to recording companies and artists, it’s harmful to computers, and it’s illegal. BODY I. Downloading music is extremely harmful to recording companies and artists. A. Record sales have declined radically in the last ? ve years. 1. About 41 percent of people are downloading music for free rather than buying records, according to Fortune magazine. 2. Since 1993 average annual pro? t has dropped from 20 percent to less than 5 percent. B. People are losing jobs. 1. This year three major recording companies, BMG, EMI, and Sony Music, ? red 4,200 people as a result. II. The second reason that you should not be downloading music from the Internet is that it is extremely harmful to your computer. A. In order to download music from the Internet people must use some sort of spot check program. 1. Just one such program, His Eye, is has 65 million users. B. According to PC Magazine, by installing such a program you also install several others such as spyware. 1. These programs monitor who you send e-mails to, copies your e-mail messages, and stores them on your server. 2. They also send out spam directories that can actually take control of your computer, locking you out of your own computer, using your computer for illegal practices, and saying you are responsible for it because it is your computer. . For instance, a graduate student who is writing a thesis could have it stolen and published before he or she get a chance to print it. 3. Saving a few dollars instead of buying CDs or buying individual songs off the Internet can put people at such huge risk that it’s unbelievable that they continue to do it. III. The third and most important reason for not downloading music is that it’s illegal. A. Music in the United States is protected by copyright law. 1. When you download music off the Internet, you are committing theft. B. Recording studios have ? led numerous lawsuits. 1. According to CBC News, one company just ? led a lawsuit against four college students from New England who had all downloaded 1,500 songs apiece. (continued) 13-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 263264 Part 3 Informative and Persuasive Speaking 2. They sought ? nes of $150,000 per song that these students had downloaded, according to the CEC News. 3. Although the company didn’t get the $150,000 per song, each student was forced to pay somewhere between $12,500 and $17,500 and was kicked out of school. C. All of this happened because they wanted to save themselves 15 bucks per CD. CONCLUSION I. So, think about it: downloading is harmful to the recording industry, it is likely to be harmful to your computer, and most of all, it could result in tremendous ? nancial loss to you because it is illegal. II. I would encourage you to consider these things before you download anything else. Consider whether or not it’s really worth it. SOURCES: CBC News (Web Site), http://www. cbc. ca/stories/2003/05/02/Consumers/record/ lawsuit 03052. Seith, Robert CWK Senior Producer, â€Å"Downloading Copyrighted Music,† http://www . connecting withkids. com/tipsheet/2003/115_mar12/music. html. Songs in the Key of Steve,† Fortune Magazine, May 19, 2003. â€Å"Spyware: It’s Lurking on Your Machine,† PC Magazine, April 22, 2003. â€Å"Study Links Burning and Downloading to Falling Music Sales,† The Write News, June 20, 2003, www. writenews. com. Sweeting, Paul â€Å"Avast ye pirates! The copyright industries, particularly the record companies, are enteri ng dangerous new waters. † Video Business, June 30, 2003 v23 i26 p10(1) Speech As I was talking with a lot of my friends and acquaintances, I discovered a pretty amazing phenomenon. I discovered that almost every person I talked to does something that in my mind is unbelievably stupid. Anyone know what I’m talking about? It’s a behavior that has become extremely popular: illegally downloading copyrighted music off the Internet. Today I’d like to convince you that you should not download music on your computer. Why? For at least three reasons. The ? rst reason is that it’s extremely harmful to recording companies and recording artists. I’m going to discuss some numbers with you—and I want you to think about them. The ? rst number is 61. According to The Write News, CD record sales in the United States have dropped 61 percent in just the last year. The second number is 41. Downloading has become extremely popular, according to Fortune magazine. Today, about 41 percent of people who love music are downloading it for free rather than buy records. Third is a set of numbers: 20/5. Obviously downloading is very harmful to recording companies. In 1993 recording companies made an average annual pro? t of just over 20 percent. Now they’re making less than 5 percent pro? t. That’s 20 to 5! The last number is 4,200. During this last year, three major recording companies, BMG, EMI, and Sony Music, have ? ed 4,200 people because they could not gainfully employ these people. As much as you would like to think that music is for the sake of art, people do it because they love doing it, music is a business. To get their money out of it, recording companies can’t continue to produce music, the artists have no ambition in producing music, and therefore by downloading music most people would say, I’m trying to support this music, I want to listen to it, I want to hear it —what they’re really doing is destroying an industry and insuring that there will not be as much music produced in the future. The second reason that you should not be downloading music from the Internet is that it is extremely harmful to your computer. In order to download this music from the Internet, almost everybody uses some sort of spot check program. The most popular program right now is called His Eye, a program that has as many as 65 million users. The problem is that when you install His Eye on your computer, you install numerous other programs like spyware. This spyware does things to your computer such as monitors who you send e-mails to, copies your e-mail messages and stores Analysis Tobias begins indirectly by sharing is opinions about a behavior that has become ver y popular. This indirect method is designed to get people interested in determining what he is going to talk about. Here, he states his goal and mentions that he will focus on three reasons. His ? rst reason is designed to focus on one important harm that results from downloading. Notice the presentation of information used to supp ort his point. Throughout this section he cites sources and gives a variety of statistics. Here he tries to get his audience to think about what he has said. He makes a good case showing that downloading has in fact a major effect on companies and artists. In this second reason Tobias looks at material with which the audience may be totally unfamiliar. Here he is talking about side effects that result from downloading methods. Some of these side effects don’t seem to be that importance, 13-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 264Chapter 13 Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience 265 them on your server, copies your editors’ books, sends those addresses out to spam directories that can actually take control of your computer, locking you out of your own computer, use your computer for illegal practices and saying you are responsible for it since it is your computer. Let’s look at a potential consequence. Suppose you’re a graduate student and you’re writing a thesis paper. It could be stolen and published before you get a chance to print it. It seems that people are doing this to save themselves a few dollars from buying CDs or buying individual songs off the Internet and putting themselves in such huge risk that it’s unbelievable that they continue to do it. The third one, and the most important reason why this should not be done is, it’s illegal. Music in the United States is protected by copyright law. When you download this music off the Internet, you are committing theft. Recording companies recently have been on a kind of a rampage in catching people who’ve been doing this. They want to be very aggressive about it. And they just ? led a lawsuit against four college students from New England who had all downloaded 1500 songs apiece. The recording industry sought a ? ne of 150,000 dollars per song that these students had downloaded. This is according to the CEC News. The recording industry didn’t get the 150,000 dollars per song, there’s no way that these students could ever pay that much money to the recording companies. Each student was forced to pay somewhere between 12,500 and 17,500 dollars along with being kicked out of school and they were very lucky apparently to avoid at least a six-month jail sentence. All to save themselves 15 bucks per CD. I know that as a college student if somebody told me that I was responsible all of a sudden for paying a 15,000 dollar ? ne, I’m kind of out of luck—I can’t pay a 15,000 dollar ? ne. So, thinking about it, there are these three very obvious reasons that by downloading off the Internet you are costing people dollars, you’re destroying some people’s careers, sound engineers, that’s all they know, they can’t be employed anymore, because their companiesare undermined by people trying to save a few dollars. you’re putting your privacy and your computer at risk and making yourself further liable for damages done with your computer by other people. And you’re breaking the law. In a society where people—if people don’t obey the law, in one instance, what’s to keep them from not obeying in another instance. How can you break this law and condemn somebody else for breaking another law? It doesn’t make sense, the whole package of downloading copyrighted music off the Internet doesn’t make sense, and most people just don’t think about that. So I would encourage you to consider these things before you download anything else. but in fact are. He shows that allowing access enables others to take advantage of your machine. In short, he’s focusing on unnecessar y risks that may result from your use of various downloading programs. Notice how he keeps coming back to his key point: for relatively small savings, you are taking remendous risks —and you might not even be aware of the potential harms. Since the audience may not totally accept the importance of these ? rst two reasons, Tobias closes with his third, and most important reason—that some or much of what your doing is not only illegal, but also could be tremendously detrimental to you. The point is that the industr y is making examples of some individuals by seeing to it that they pay ? nes. So the costs are not $150,000, but would you be able to afford the 12,500 to 17,500 dollars that some have been required to pay? And, can you afford to be â€Å"kicked out of school? Again he comes back to the relatively small amount of money that people save in comparison to what can be monumental risks. Here he does a good job of reinforcing and reemphasizing the nature of the problems that are being created as a result of downloading. He ? nishes with a strong appeal to the lack of sense of continuing such behavior. A ver y good speech of reasons. Notice how he put a strong reason ?rst, a reason that might be important second, and the strongest reason third. Most of his information was well documented. And the way he presented the information really gets us to think.

How to Avoid the Freshman 15

How to Avoid the Freshman 15 The Freshman 15 is one of the things incoming students hear about the most. Legend has it that the average student gains fifteen pounds during their first year in college. Urban myth or not, keep these tips in mind to ensure you eat and stay healthy as you adjust to eating on campus. Walk whenever and wherever you can on campus. Your campus may be big or small, hilly or flat, but regardless: its probably walkable. Do your best to take the long way when you can. Join an intramural sports team. Never played rugby or softball before? Who cares! Intramural sports can be a fun way to learn a new sport, meet people, and stay healthy during your time at school. Use the campus gym. Its most likely free, or very cheap. Make the most of it while you can. Get a workout partner. Not good at always making it to that 8:00 a.m. spin class? Find someone else who is interested in attending on a regular basis, and help hold each other accountable. Choose diet soda instead of regular. You might be surprised at how quickly all of those calories add up! Eat a salad (or a piece of fruit, or a healthy side veggie) with whatever else you grab for dinner. And do it every time. Eat a healthy breakfast. Your mom was right: your day does go better when you eat a good breakfast. Avoid the d onuts and grab some oatmeal to go. Keep healthy snacks in your room. Even if you dont have a fridge in your room, you can still keep pretzels, fruit (dried or fresh), healthy nuts, and energy bars on hand. Dont get dessert every time you eat. True, the dining hall may have unlimited self-serve ice cream, but that doesnt mean you should eat it every night. If youre going to order food late at night, make smart choices. Up late studying with your roommate and want to order pizza? Choose cheese only instead of loading up on toppings. Do something physical every weekend. Go for a run, join a pick-up game, play Ultimate Frisbee with some friends. Just get your body moving. Walk when you go off campus. Are your friends and you heading to a nice, neighborhood restaurant to get away for a while? If you can, try walking as a group instead of hopping in a car. Let yourself splurge every once in a while. Giving in to the self-serve ice cream machine is fine, as is the donut you are craving for breakfast, as long as you dont do it every day. But you do deserve a treat every once in a while! Drink water throughout the day. Do you go for 8 hours straight, from work to class to your club meeting to work again? Bring a water bottle with you to make sure you stay hydrated and healthy. Dont go long periods without eating. Running around all day, only to realize you havent eaten in a long time, isnt good for your body. It also may increase the likelihood that youll eat whats first available, instead of the food and nutrients your body needs. If you know you have a long day coming, pack some snacks ahead of time so your body has the fuel it needs to keep up with that big, college-educated brain of yours.

Six Easy Ways to Re-use Your Story Ideas

Six Easy Ways to Re-use Your Story Ideas If you believe all my published stories, Ive done everything from stitching on a shirt button to jumping off a cliff while tied to another human being. I may not have been born with such a multitude of talents as hitting the bulls-eye on a dart board, winning swimming competitions, and staging childrens theatre, but I have been blessed with a quirky imagination and a flair for language. These Ive put to good use 1. Vary the audience Target readers of different profiles, like teenagers, working mothers, or retired grandparents, 2. Vary the subject Target readers of different niche fields Character tries to learn a new skill encounters challenges - is offered help This template can work in nearly all scenarios, whether the skill is sailing a ship or baking a cake. Each new story thus created will fit with a magazine catering to that particular market, viz. sailors or bakers. Offshoots of this can be exploited, too. For example, 3. Vary the setting Mundane story lines can be enriched with the addition of uncommon locales and elaborate back-stories of each character. So even if the essential plot is good-boy-overcomes-scary-villain, a light-fantastic childrens setting can make it a Harry Potter, a complex interweave of fantasy worlds can turn it into a Lord of the Rings, an everyday urban setting in ye olde England can turn it into Richmal Cromptons William, and a science fiction setting can morph it into a Star Wars. Similarly, a different approach can turn a rags-to-riches story from an Oliver Twist into a Charlie and The Chocolate Factory. Revived tales from Aesops Fables, cultural mythlore, even the Bible can serve for inspiration. 4. Vary the region Tie in larger national journalistic stories to a smaller region 5. Vary the format Short story, essay, memoir, poem, cartoon, infographic, audio podcast, interview QA, blog post, bullet-point list you get the idea! Diversify your media. 6. Vary the frequency A newsy story about finding the right childcare is as valid two years from now as it is today. Evergreen stories, for example those around Christmas gift ideas or Independence Day celebrations, can be reprinted endlessly. Think fresh slant, timeless topics, and age-old problems. Recycling story ideas eliminates the effort required to start from scratch. As long as you steer away from plagiarism, it can be lucrative and a great re-turn on investment!

This will be an evidence based appraisal of an aspect of your practice Essay

This will be an evidence based appraisal of an aspect of your practice and include making recommendations for nursing practice a - Essay Example 1472). Fall-related injuries are seen in about 15% to 50% of patients – these injuries include fractures or lacerations. Moreover, falls often cause fears of falling and it subsequently causes activity restriction and prolonged hospital stay (Schwendiman, p. 1472). Different factors have been considered as possible contributory causes for falls, including, an aging population, rising patient acuity, nurse shortages, an inefficient staff, and similar factors (Hendrich). Measures to prevent falls have been implemented by various hospitals in their clinical setting; however, for the most part, these methods have not been able to significantly reduce the rates of falls. This paper shall explore different ways by which nurses can prevent inpatient falls. It shall answer the question: according to evidence-based practice, what are the efficient nursing interventions which can be applied to prevent inpatient falls. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted for this paper. First, a manual library search of the school library was carried out – searching medical and nursing journals for published studies in relation to falls and the prevention of falls. This search covered the past five years: January 2006 to December 2010. Relevant studies were set aside for further evaluation. Next, an internet search was carried out through the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and other nursing journals. The Medline database was used because it presented a reliable database of medical and nursing related peer-reviewed researches from a variety of nursing and medical journals. The Cochrane database was chosen because it has the widest and most extensive database for peer-reviewed medical and nursing-related researches. This database yielded studies which were used for this assessment. Finally, Google scholar was also used because it is one of the fastest databases to search. It stores all academic journals and studies from a wide-range o f topics. Moreover, it has search properties which were chosen in order to specify the search process and ensure reliable search results. A Google scholar search was carried out in order to facilitate the search process. The following search words and combinations were entered into the search engines: falls prevention; inpatient falls prevention; elderly falls prevention, and similar combinations. Studies falling within the 5 year period were set aside for further evaluation. Each study were then critically analysed based on the following elements: reliability of authors, peer-review process, publication in a reliable peer-reviewed journal, validity of research methods, reliability of results, and validity of general research process. Results: Based on the search results, there were 10 studies which fulfilled the criteria for this research topic. Various studies presented methods for the prevention of falls. Some of these methods were evaluated depending on effectiveness and impact on clients. In a paper by Schwendiman, et.al., (p. 1472), the authors carried out a serial survey study in order to evaluate in-patient fall rates and injuries before and after the implementation of an interdisciplinary falls prevention program (IFP) in a 300-bed urban public hospital. In the process of research, the authors were able to establish that falls often lead to negative consequences like injuries,

History of psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

History of psychology - Essay Example In this aphorism, Nietzsche reveals that it is often very difficult for human beings to gain knowledge. In addition, people have a tendency of taking irrelevant things more seriously than the relevant ones. This aphorism is provocative because it challenges how man views the world and how the knowledge he has accumulated over many years cannot be of any use to him if he makes no use of it. Buber states that sin is something which man cannot do with his whole being because of the conflict which he has within him that what he is doing is wrong (Ventimiglia, 612). He further states that although man can choose to ignore the conflict concerning the sin that he is committing, he cannot completely forget the fact that what he is doing is wrong. This is quite different from the Christian understanding of sin because in Christianity, sin is caused by man’s very own nature and that in fact, it is stated the man was born with sin in his

Positivism Interpretivism And Pragmatism Psychology Essay

Positivism Interpretivism And Pragmatism Psychology Essay Hussey Hussey say that methodology makes reference to the whole approach considered, as well as to the theoretical basis from which the researcher comes, and that method is the various ways by which data is collected and analysed. In this chapter, the reseacher has presented a brief review of the different research philosophies; positivism, interpretivism, and realism (Fisher, 2007), the philosophy that has adopted for the current research, the different research approaches; qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method and the approach adopted for the research. The other parts consist of the different types of research design; exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and the research design adopted, the qualitative and quantitative phases consisting of sampling, data collection and data analysis, questionnaire design, validity and reliability, data analysis. The last part consists of the ethical issues and a conclusion. 3.2 Research philosophy As mentioned in the introduction, there are three main types of research philosophies, namely, positivism, interpretivism, and pragmatism (realism). 3.2.1 Positivism The term positivism was found by Comte in the nineteenth century and he related it to the force of science and of systematic thinking to understand and control the world (Fisher, 2007). The aim of positivism is to produce general rules to forecast behavior with a minimum margin of uncertainty. However, there are problems with this philosophy, one of which is that it can only predict average behavior of individuals in a group and not the behavior of each individual (Fisher, 2007). Nonetheless, research based on a positivist philosophy tends to be based on deductive theorising, where a number of propositions are generated for testing, with empirical verification then sought (Babbie, 2005). Considerable data are often required as a positivist study would favour the use of quantitative methods to analyse large-scale phenomena (Travers, 2001). Inherent in this overall approach to research is the view that it is possible to measure social behaviour independent of context and that social ph enomena are things that can be viewed objectively (Hughes Sharrock, 1997). Interpretivism This philosophy is on the other extreme of that of positivism. Researchers who adopt this philosophy consider reality as socially constructed, that is, their meaning of reality is affected by their values and their way to see the world; other peoples meaning; the compromises and agreements that come out of the negotiations between the first two (Fisher, 2007). Interpretive research has been classified as gnostic because it does not agree to the fact that there is the existence of a systematic analysis of any particular subject; instead, it gives importance to multiplicity, relativity and complexity (Fisher, 2007). It is an attempt to understand the processes by which we gain knowledge and so it has affinity with the original gnostic search for ones true self. A characteristic of interpretive research is that one cannot understand how others may make sense of things unless one has a deep knowledge of ones personal values and thinking processes, which in research terms the knowledge is known as reflexivity (Fisher, 2007). Realism Realist research is an approach that resembles to a large extent that of positivism but takes into consideration, and comes to terms with, the subjective nature of research and the paramount function of values in it (Fisher, 2007). Realism still aims to be scientific but makes fewer claims to knowledge that perfectly mirrors the objects of study. Researchers with this stance recognise that things such as strategy and job satisfaction cannot be measured and studied in the same way as can chemical and physical processes. However, they do believe that a worthwhile attempt can be made to fix these subjects and treat them as if they are independent variables. 3.2.2 Research philosophy adopted The correct choice and understanding of philosophical orientation is of extreme importance to allow the selection of the most convenient methodology to facilitate the gathering of the relevant data (Remenyi et al, 1998; Blaxter et al, 2004), especially as poor understanding of philosophical issues can seriously lower the quality of the research (Easterby-Smith, 2006). Having studied the different philosophical approaches and considered the nature of the current research, the researcher has decided an overall view of a students attitude and perception was necessary so as to get a better understanding of students views. This type of research required the participation of a large population sample, which in turn created large amounts of numerical and statistical data and information, which needed to be quantifiably analysed. When all these factors were taken into account, realism was the most appropriate philosophical approach to answer the research questions and meet the objectives of the current research. 3.3 Research approach 3.3.1 Quantitative approach Quantitative methods are most often associated with the positivist epistemology, and they consist of counting and measurement of events and statistical analysis of a body of numerical data (Mc Laren, 2012). An important feature of the quantitative method is the collection of numerical data (Jack Clarke, 1998) which can ultimately be subjected to statistical procedures (Carter 2000a). 3.3.2 Qualitative approach Qualitative research consists of the study of events in their natural settings, with a view to making sense of, or interpreting, events of how people interpret (Mc Laren, 2012). Normally, in the empirical type of approach the responsibility is on researchers to direct and control methods to attain objectivity, thus making sure that their findings are valid as their intentions and emotions would not be seen as a barrier with data collection and analysis (Mc Laren, 2012). Mixed method approach Mixed methods embrace a method and philosophy that combines the insights provided by qualitative and quantitative methods into a workable solution. Mixed methods research makes full use of the positive parts of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by combining approaches in a single research study to enhance the scope of understanding (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie, and Turner 2007). 3.3.2 Research approach adopted As mentioned by Bryman (2007), a combination of qualitative and quantitative results would lead to a better understanding of the data and help in a better way to answer to the research objectives. As the education sector research field keeps on changing, so too does its methods and therefore the researcher has used the mixed method approach for the current research. 3.4 Research design 3.4.1 There are three main types of research design, namely, exploratory, descriptive and causal. Exploratory design This design places a lot of emphasis on gaining ideas and insights. An exploratory study intends to explore what is happening; to seek new insights; to ask questions and to assess the phenomena in a new light (Robson, 2002, p59). It is important mainly when there is very little information known about the phenomenon. In a type of mixed-method design, the qualitative data are gathered first and a quantitative phase follows. The purpose of this kind of study is typically to use the initial, qualitative phase with a few individuals to identify themes, ideas, perspectives, and beliefs that can then be used to design the larger-scale, quantitative part of the study. Often, this kind of design is used to develop a survey. By using a qualitative component in the beginning, researchers are able to use the language and emphasis on different topics of the subjects in the wording of items for the survey. Doing so increases the validity of the scores that result because they will be well matched with how the subjects, rather than the researchers, think about, conceptualize, and respond to the phenomenon being studied. Explanatory design Explanatory study aims to find out the causal relationships between variables (Saunders et al., 2007). In an explanatory design, which may be the most common type, quantitative data are collected first and, depending on the results, qualitative data are gathered second to elucidate, elaborate on, or explain the quantitative findings. Typically, the main thrust of the study is quantitative, and the qualitative results are secondary. For example, this kind of design could be used to study classroom assessment and grading. A large sample of teachers could be surveyed to determine the extent to which they use different factors in classroom assessment and grading; this would provide a general overview of the teachers practices. In a second phase, teachers could be selected who represent extremely high or low scores on the factors in the survey. These teachers could then be interviewed using a qualitative method to determine why they used certain practices. Thus, the qualitative phase woul d be used to augment the statistical data and thus explain the practices. Descriptive design Descriptive study seeks to provide a clear picture about the phenomenon as it already occurs (Hedrick et al., 1993). Research using a descriptive design simply provides a summary of an existing phenomenon by using numbers to characterize individuals or a group where it assesses the nature of existing conditions (McMillan Schumacher, 1997). The purpose of most descriptive research is limited to characterizing something as it is. 3.4.2 Research design adopted Since a mixed method approach has been used for this research, a mixture of both exploratory and explanatory designs was used. 3.5 Qualitative phase Data to answer some questions was collected by using a qualitative approach. This allowed the researcher to get the opinion of Lower VI students about what they thought of private tuitions at S.C level (Appendix 2). 3.5.1 Sampling For this part of the study, a reasonable and useful sample of four schools was chosen as mentioned by Mcmillan and Schumacher (1997) who made the argument that a good sample was one where the participants were readily accessible. The four schools were chosen with one in each educational zone, where 10 students were selected to ensure adequate information (Marshall, 1998). Due to the fact that I have used focus groups to collect data, 10 students were a reasonable sample per school. 3.5.2 Data collection Focus groups For the qualitative part of the study, data was collected from Lower VI students of the four selected schools by focus group interviews. The focus groups for the students had been chosen since they took less time and more information was collected from different participants at the same time (Daymon Holloway, 2002). Another advantage of focus groups was that the information obtained from the participants was of good quality since the individuals in the group got ideas from others (McMillan Schumacher, 1997). The interview of each focus group was at least one hour and thirty minutes. A tape recorder was used to collect data which was later transcribed. 3.5.3 Data analysis The data which had been recorded in a tape was transcribed and analysed. 3.6 Quantitative phase The information collected from the qualitative interviews in Phase 1 was used in the development of a comprehensive and valid questionnaire for quantifying the views of students on private tuitions. The items derived from the qualitative interview transcripts was administered to a large sample of students, including boys and girls and factor analyzed to uncover the internal structure of the views of the students on private tuitions. 3.6.1 Sampling In this study, a mixture of purposeful and convenient sampling was used (McMillan Schumacher, 1997). In order to determine the sample size, confidence interval approach was used which is based on the building up of confidence intervals around the sample means by making use of the standard error formula (Malhotra Dash, 2007). By making use of the formula for determining the sample size for a population of 13902 students having taken part at the S.C examinations 2012, the researcher got a value of 384. As a result, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to students of Lower VI, both from State and P.S.S.A colleges in all regions of Mauritius. The questionnaires were distributed equally among boys and girls to avoid bias in the collection of data. 3.6.2 Data collection A letter was sent to each school to explain the purpose of the study and for permission to distribute the questionnaires to Lower VI students (Appendix 1). The questionnaire was handed personally to the selected students, the aims of the survey were explained and the filled questionnaires were collected after 2 days. 3.6.3 Questionnaire design Most of the time, questionnaires contain two types of questions open ended or closed (Sinnott, 2008). With open-ended questions the researcher gives the opportunity to the respondent as to how they write their answer making way to a more in-depth answer. However they are more difficult to classify into groups to facilitate analysis. A closed question will restrain the answer that may be given and usually asks the respondent to choose among a variety of possibilities given by the researcher. However, closed questions help the respondent to complete the questionnaire quickly and they also help the researcher to classify the information and analyse the data with great ease (Sekaran, 1992; McNeil et al, 2005). For this research, a survey questionnaire was designed for the collection of data which contains multiple options of Likert scaling from 0 to 4 for the variety of choice for the respondent (Appendix 3). The questionnaire consisted of six sections, with section A consisting of two questions on general information about private tuitions (number of hours students took private tuitions per week, number of subjects in which the students took private tuitions), section B consisting of nineteen questions on positive impacts of private tuitions at S.C level from the students point of view, section C consisting of ten questions on the negative impacts of private tuitions at S.C level from the students point of view, section D consisting of nine questions on the extent to which private tuitions at S.C level are replacing mainstream schooling from students point of view,section E consisting of two questions with respect to improvement of academic performance from the students point of view and the last section consisting of six questions concerning the demographic profile of the student. 3.6.4 Data analysis The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The answer for each question provided by the student was fed into SPSS version 20. The gender of students, type of school, the region in which the student lives, the attempt at S.C examination 2012, the socioeconomic status of the student, the number of hours during which the student took private tuitions per week, the highest educational attainment of the students parents were analysed by making use of pie charts and bar charts. For the sections B, C and D, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done in order to group the answers obtained for the different questions into some main factors, with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test being performed to verify whether EFA could be done. The different factors were found out by making use of the eigenvalue in SPSS version 20 which was set at a value of greater than 1. The factor loading of each variable forming part of each factor was also calculated by making use of the rotated matrix table in SPSS version 20. Some questions which were in the different sections had to be deleted due to cross loading, low loading factor, or theoritically the grouping of the question with others did not make sense. Secondly, hypotheses and sub-hypotheses were made for each research objective and each sub hypothesis was subjected to chi square testing where a crosstab was generated and the value of à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 and the p value were analysed, together with the phi value to see the degree of association, if ever. Objective 1: To find out the positive impacts of private tuitions on the overall development of the student at S.C level. H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions and the overall development of the student at S.C level. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions and the overall development of the student at S.C level. In order to test for the above hypothesis, the following sub-hypotheses were tested for the different factors found by EFA. Sub-hypotheses Factor 1: Economic/career benefits H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and economic/career benefits for the student in the future. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and economic/career benefits for the student in the future. Factor 2: Better academic performance and more efforts H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and better academic performance/more efforts. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and better academic performance/more efforts. Factor 3: Increased level of socialisation with friends Ho: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and increased level of socialisation of the student. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and increased level of socialisation of the student. Factor 4: Better quality of teaching in private tuitions H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and better quality of teaching. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and better quality of teaching. Objective 2: To find out the negative impacts of private tuitions on the overall development of the student at S.C level. H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions and the overall development of the student at S.C level. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions and the overall development of the student at S.C level. In order to test for the above hypothesis, the following sub-hypotheses were tested. Sub-hypotheses Factor 1: Negative psychological affecting students concerning private tuitions H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and the negative psychological factors affecting the student concerning private tuitions. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and the negative psychological factors affecting the student concerning private tuitions. Factor 2: Deterioration of health of the student who takes private tuitions H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and deterioration of the health of the student. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and deterioration of the health of the student. Factor 3: Lack of family and leisure time faced by student who takes private tuitions H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and lack of family and leisure time by the student. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and lack of family and leisure time by the student. Objective 3: To find out to what extent private tuitions are replacing mainstream schooling. Factor 1: Higher level of importance of private tuitions as compared to mainstream schooling H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and their level of importance from the students point of view H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and their level of importance from the students point of view Factor 2: More care and attention from private tutors than teachers at school H0: There is no relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and students getting more care and attention from private tutors. H1: There is a relationship between private tuitions at S.C level and students getting more care and attention from private tutors Finally, a multi regression analysis was carried out to investigate the whether there was a linear relationship between academic performance at S.C level, measured by the grade point average (G.P.A), and socioeconomic status of parents, intensity of private tuitions per week, region in which the student lived, and highest educational attainment of parents. The grade point average is calculated by dividing the aggregate that the student obtained at S.C examinations 2012 by six since the aggregate is calculated for the 6 best grades. The grade point average has a range of 1.00 to 9.00. The lower the grade point average, the better is the academic performance of the student. 3.6.5 Validity and reliability In this research, a mixed method approach was adopted which was an efficient way to collect data for specific variables of interest (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The survey questionnaire was developed to get data from students of Lower VI. Contact addresses and numbers were given in covering letter if participants encountered any problem (Appendix 1). It was assured that data would be confidential that can reduce the subject bias. Since the questionnaire was designed in a survey format, it did not face any observer error or bias. Furthermore, items of the survey instrument reliability were measured by the internal consistency method (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). This study applied Cronbachs coefficient alpha to measure the internal reliability of survey, where a value of greater than 0.6 showed fair to very good reliability. Validity of the research was concerned with the extent of research findings which represented what was really happening (Collis and Hussey 2003). In order to avoid low validity, a pilot study was conducted before full scale data collection. Through the pilot study language or any other misconceptions was removed. The validity of each question into the main factors done by EFA was checked by the factor loading in the rotated component matrix, where a factor of greater than 0.5 showed that the question was valid. 3.7 Ethical issues Ethical issues are very important to take into consideration when carrying out a survey. According to Neuman (1995), the researcher must protect human rights, control them and make sure that peoples interests are well respected. In this research, all ethical requirements were followed throughout all parts of the research. Before collecting data, permission was sought to the relevant institutions. The survey questionnaire along with supervisors letter was provided during personal visits. The participants were asked to participate on a voluntary basis and given the opportunity to withdraw from participation if they felt to do so. Participants were informed that when they have answered and returned the questionnaire, it was assumed that they agreed to participate in this study. All participants were given the assurance that the answers provided will be kept anonimous and strictly confidential. 3.8 Conclusion The chapter starts with an examination of the research process including the philosophical approaches of positivism and phenomenology leading to a debate on the nature of the current research resulting in a mixed method being decided on. Data for this study was collected from students of Lower VI through a survey questionnaire after the qualitative phase which consisted of focus groups interviews. Upon completion of the study, the data was given a code which was fed on to the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. Lastly, the ethical issues involved in this study were also presented.