Philippine Prehistory: Lessons from the Historical Past Essay

During the time of this course, I’ve took in much progressively about the Philippines as a spot, just as the individuals themselves and about the things they do. Previously, I just went with the generalizations that everybody says about Filipino’s, they’re all short, they’re poor, and so on. At times, that remaining parts valid, yet not for every one of them out there. They additionally appear to be further developed in innovation than I suspected they were. There is significantly more to the individuals, the nation, the way of life and their rich history. A few things I didn’t think about the Philippines were that they had set up their own composing framework before they had any contact or information about others or dialects on the planet. Baybayin or Alibata comprised of 14 consonants and 3 vowels, while utilizing spots on the tops and bottoms of characters to recognize consonants with specific vowels and a cross underneath character which takes out the vowel, leaving only the consonant. They likewise had innovation of instruments, utilizing them to etch the Baybayin composing into bamboo shafts and making the Angono Petroglyphs and the Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI). The LCI was found and no one recognized what it was, nor did anybody need it. In any case, it held significant data about how society was in those days. The engraving was about the pardoning of an obligation. It was connected to a few urban communities that despite everything exist now. The Angono Petroglyphs exist in a collapse the area of Rizal. They contain pictures on rock dividers of creatures and people that go back to 3000 B. C. Presently days, because of disintegration of the dividers and destroying of the dividers, a few pictures have gotten vague. Something else about the Philippines that I didn’t think about was the Tabon man. The Tabon man is accounted for the most established known arrangement of bones found in the Tabon Caves said to go back 30,000 years making it the most established stays found in the Philippines. Some additionally trust it to be a lady. Some geologic things I didn’t think about were that the Philippines have three segments; Palawan, Mindanao, and Visayas. Inside these zones, there are more than 100 unique dialects communicated in, in spite of the fact that the national language is Filipino. In Mindanao, it is where the Islam religion is generally noticeable. It was presented 100 years before Christianity. The Philippines comprise of 7,100 Islands, however some of them just being above ocean level in low tide, and under ocean levels in elevated tide. There are just around 500 islands that are bigger than 1 square mile and just 800 of the 7,100 are occupied. The Philippines, in general, is around multiple times bigger than Hawaii. There are two articulated seasons, wet and dry, where June †November is wet and December †March is dry. Manila is the Capital of the Philippines and the Philippines has the second biggest shopping center on the planet, the Mall of Asia. The Philippines is unique in relation to how I had taken a gander at it previously, and now I find out about their way of life and how they live. This history is significant in light of the fact that it shows where these individuals have been and where they are going. Despite the fact that there may be some terrible things since forever to a great extent, it’s what carried the nation to where it is presently. This Country has more to offer than what I recently had idea and in my eyes, it appears to be a quite pleasant spot to visit or live in.

Private Equity Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Private Equity Funds - Essay Example These kinds of assets have immense contrast from the other speculation assets from the viewpoint of the business methodology utilized for looking for authority over the organizations where they have contributed (Cumming, 2009). These sorts of assets are additionally extraordinary in their structure since they are commonly close-finished and have limited life time. The private value reserves have fixed number of offers. Private Equity Firms Nowadays, the utilized buyout venture organizations are alluded to as the private value associations (Stowell, 2010; 2012). These kinds of firms are unique in relation to the funding firms which put resources into developing and youthful organizations and therefore can't look for the larger part control (Cumming and Johan, 2013). The development of private value firms emerged from the utilized buyouts. The utilized buyouts began during the 1980’s (Kaplan and Stromberg, 2009). The utilized buyouts had expanded quickly in this decade and bit b y bit the utilized buyout organizations became predominant corporate associations. The private value firms have been characterized as the decentralized associations with generally less quantities of representatives and venture experts. Huge private value firms are bigger in size yet littler than the organizations where they make the ventures. The assets raised by these private value firms are known as the private value reserves. ... The restricted accomplices are the institutional speculators like, people in general and corporate annuity reserves, insurance agencies or other well off financial specialists. Presently the inquiry emerges whether the private value organizations are the restricted accomplices or the general accomplices. These organizations go about as the general accomplices of the reserve. It is obligatory that the general accomplices give in any event one percent of the aggregate sum of capital. Be that as it may, some broad accomplices contribute much higher. These private value reserves have positive or fixed lifetime that ranges from 10 to 13 years. The private value firm has a timeframe of five years, for contributing the all out cash-flow to be financed to the organizations and afterward, an extra timespan of another five to eight years, for restoring the all out capital add up to the speculators. In the wake of giving the capital sum, the constrained accomplices don't have a lot to state abo ut how the general accomplices would convey the venture assets, till the fundamental substance of the genuine store understanding are trailed by these general accomplices. The fundamental substance of the store understanding remember limitations for the measure of reserve capital that can be put resources into one specific organization, kinds of protections where the reserve can be contributed and restrictions on the obligation sum. The general accomplice for example the private value firm, are commonly remunerated in three distinct ways. Initially, these general accomplices acquire an administration charge as a level of the complete capital submitted followed by a level of the absolute capital utilized, after the venture sum is figured it out. Furthermore, these organizations additionally bring about one segment of the benefit out of the store which is known as the ‘carried interest’. The conveyed intrigue equivalents to 20 percent

You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment

You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment You Will Find Questions And Assignment Criteria In The Assignment Criteria â€" Essay Example > @2010IntroductionType 1 Diabetes mellitus occurs due to destruction of the autoimmune of the beta cells of the pancreas that have the role of producing insulin in the body. This is explained by Jill, (2006 p. 79) that failure of production of insulin results in high levels of glucose in the blood and in the urine. The symptoms that follow are frequent urination also known as polyuria, increased thirst also known as polydipsia and increased hunger also known as polyphagia. The person also loses weight as a result of this condition. This type of diabetes is fatal and must be treated with insulin. Diabetes is among the leading health threats among the Australians. It is a chronic illness that places those affected at risk of heart disease, kidney failure or even amputation. Documentations indicate that the condition is on increase in Australia and other parts of the world. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known but it is likely that some people have genes that predispose them to type 1diabetes. This case study therefore looks at the health issues of diabetes and all that is related to it. Occurrence of Type 1 diabetesThe type 1 diabetes is also called juvenile onset diabetes mellitus or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This condition can occur to individuals of all ages but it is most common among children and adolescents. In this condition, the beta cells may produce very little insulin or no insulin at all. The main role of insulin in the body is to move the blood sugar into inside the cells from where it can be stored to be used as a source of energy later. For diabetes patients to survive, they must inject themselves with insulin at least four injections per day. They must keep testing their blood sugar levels severally each day (Colman, Thomas, Zimmet, Welbon, Webb, Moore, 2005 p. 32-5). Type 1 diabetes accounts for abut 10 to 15 percent of all cases of diabetes in Australia. From the data found in Australian National Diabetes Register, about 15,000 new cases of diabetes type 1 were reported in Australia. However, majority of these cases were among people aged above fifteen years. These cases were lower compared to those reported among children below the age of fourteen years. This was the trend between the year 2000 and 2006. The average number of cases per day was three or more cases per day. This rate however decreased with age indicating that the rate was high among those close to fifteen years. Among those living with diabetes type 1 in Australia, fifty percent of them developed the condition when they were above fifteen years and most of them do not have family history of disease (Hofmann Greydanus, 2007 p. 46). Management of Type I diabetes among adolescentsManaging type 1 diabetes is a rather complex process that requires observing daily care activities, solving occurring problems and making personal decisions. This is very challenging especially among the adolescents who are experiencing several social, psychological and physiological changes at the time when they are faced with the responsibility of managing their diabetic condition. This becomes more challenging due to incorporation of the diabetes management tasks into their lifestyle which will then call for modification. Proper glucose control may reduce the risks of developing diabetes associated complications among the type 1 diabetes; adolescents usually have problems fitting in the difficult aspects of the diabetes treatment regime.

Leadership Communication Case Study Analysis - 1043 Words

Leadership Communication Case Study Analysis Communication is an essential skill for effective leadership that numerous people possess but might not know how to use correctly and fully. Leaders of today can put in effect new techniques, such as transformational leadership, and see how they bring changes in their staff and their work. The diversity in the staff of today’s workplace calls for a change in the way we communicate and the way leaders get along with staff and how staff see’s their leaders. Leaders need to keep in mind that being a good listener, directing their staff correctly, and ensuring that communication is open are things that are imperative in maintaining a decent work environment and establishing effective leadership. In the case of Ben Williams, the CEO of a public relations firm in our case study, he is lacking diversity in his communication skills. I appreciate the fact that he has recognized that his lack of appropriate leadership, and change are what has slowed progress and stumped communica tion within his firm. Williams would greatly benefit from taking a course in effective leadership communication skills. He could even just broaden his knowledge by doing some research on the subject. In this case I have done the research and have provided examples of how he can improve the communication from the top down and how he can bring forth changes in order for him to be a superior leader. There is a new idea roaming around in leadership that doesn’tShow MoreRelatedLeadership Roles And Its Impact On Organizations Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The role of leadership and leaders in any organization is crucial to its continuity and profitability. Leadership as a function in an organization determines the motivation of employees, working culture and efficiency among others. 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What You Do Not Know About Princeton Essay Samples

What You Do Not Know About Princeton Essay Samples Most Noticeable Princeton Essay Samples Utilizing a writing service is the best method to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting all the crucial points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. It is really a quest to locate a comprehensive essay sample online which is both free of charge and is well-written. It's crucial that the service you select knows for sure they're only choosing the ideal essay writers. Simply speaking, the service exists, so should you wish to use it in order to find a top essay, that's reason enough. This section has two examples of excellent college essays. You may discover how-to guides that we've covered in the essay section and combine it together with samples. In samples you may discover fantastic examples and illustrations that it is possible to use in your essay to clarify the important points and make your writing more interesting without extra work. Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. You may want to include an extra essay if you feel the college application forms do not offer sufficient chance to convey important information regarding yourself or your accomplishments. It's hard work that makes change. For instance, you are able to learn from useful strategies or on the illustration of other folks who already succeeded in a given sphere. Don't neglect to explain why the challenge is valuable to you! Apparently, understanding how to clean burning oil isn't high on the list of things every 9-year-old should know. You would need to research past events or a past court case as a portion of your work. You are going to get a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and regions of improvement. You may have a hard finding work in academic field. A history major can make a selection of job skills he or she could include things like covers letters, job applications and resumes. The New Fuss About Princeton Essay Samples Paragraph 4 considers several explanations for why river clean-up plans might not be successful (the plans could be nothing more than campaign promises or funding might not be adequate). Therefore, it goes without saying, so as to be admitted to Princeton, you've got to be one bright kid. The point is that the opening quote needs to be integrated into or lead naturally into the opening paragraph and thus flow on through the remainder of the essay. There isn't a prompt to steer you, which means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story that you want to tell. Each paragraph within the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is vital to the argument. This sample ought to help you begin with writing even when you are having writer's block. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. In conclusion, the statement isn't logical since there are a few errors in it. The university can be found in South Africa. At this time, you're applying to Babson College. Colleges are interested in finding a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Don't forget, Princeton would like to learn more aboutyou, so make certain to let your personality shine through. Fee WaiverWe want to be sure that Princeton is accessible to all candidates, no matter their personal family's fiscal circumstance. Ruthless Princeton Essay Samples Strategies Exploited This essay is a great place to talk about your family's history and culture. Like another college major, you'd be doing plenty of reading. Ultimately, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. If traveling to Princeton from afar, instructions on how best to book travel will be given. The 5-Minute Rule for Princeton Essay Samples Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the very best service for everything you want to understand about how to pick the best writing businesses. It's the details that actually make this little experience come alive. When you locate a service you want, don't neglect to look at my review of it. Your solution shouldn't be a boo k report. The 5-Minute Rule for Princeton Essay Samples As a consequence the state expects that water sports increase. The statement also assumes that in the event the state cleans up the river, using the river for water sports will surely increase. Or perhaps you're sick of the Tri-State region. Examine the place out sometime.

Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades Free Essays

Tourism was never a major part of everyday life in a HIC. In 1955 there were approximately 36,000 visitors to Kenya in Africa and it generated i1. 6 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades or any similar topic only for you Order Now However only a decade later (2005) there was about 1. 2 million visitors and that generated about i800 million. What are the reasons for this startling development? and what are the impacts on the environment and the local indigenous tribes or cities? Now a days there are more forms of tourism. These are: Ecotourism (a sustainable form of tourism that has respect for the environment and the local cultures), Adventure tourism (trekking, cycling, climbing etc) and cultural tourism (visits to historical sites, interesting cities and different cultures). In 1841, a mass excursion (expedition/trip) from Loughborough to Leicester was organised by Tomas Cooke. This was a huge success and after this Tomas Cooke went on to developed trips to more distance destinations. Also railways and sea link were opened up. Also 30 years after starting his excursions he started his first round the world trip (video 183 development of tourism sheet). From that point on holidays were the ‘must have for the people of Britain. ‘ Most of the rich people spent their holidays in Blackpool. In the early 1900’s it became the resort for the ‘common people’. One of the main reasons for this was because there were ‘works week’ which was a week of full pay for a holiday in Blackpool. There are a lot of reasons for the growth of tourism over the decades these are: there are more holidays on offer so people can go on holiday for anything up to 4 weeks long. Also because there are more long haul flights to exotic destinations it is quite cheap to travel to other countries (e. g. a flight to Cape Town (South Africa) is i350). Also the other reasons for the growth in global tourism are: people can retire early with pension and go on longer holidays. Also there are a lot more people with less children due to working so people can go on great adventure holidays without worrying about their children. There are also people with a greater affluence (people are generally wealthier than in the past, and there is more money to spend on luxury items such as holidays and leisure pursuits (new key geography for GCSE p. 231), there is also a lot more mobility and accessibility (the increase of car ownership and improvements in the roads, rail and air travel. These reduce travel time and make it a lot easier). Also there are more package holidays (cheaper holidays are possible with block bookings and deals where travel, accommodation and meals are all included in the price). And finally there are tonnes and tonnes of advertising for various luxury holidays. These include brochures and holiday programmes; these promote new and different places and activities. People are now more aware of holiday opportunities available to them. As you can see there are a lot of reasons for the recent growth of tourism and there will be plenty more in the near future. B. For a named example, discuss the social, economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism growth Kenya is one of the most visited countries by tourists in the whole of Africa; in 1991 there were over 800,000 tourists that visited Kenya. This also brought approximately i4 billion. However, even though mass tourism can have its benefits it can have a lot of impacts on the population, the environment and the economy of the country as well. There are a lot of environmental impacts in Kenya due to tourism. Most of these impacts are very serious and are damaging the local environment and ruining the habitats for the wildlife. For example, on the coastline the boats that takes various tourists out to see the wildlife or go diving. However, the boats then anchor to the coral reef; this causes the corral to die and ruins the habitat for the fish. Also the beaches are overcrowded and are littered and the cars that people can drive around causes pollution. This can be a problem because if sulphur dioxide is released into the atmosphere then acid rain can be caused. Eroding the rocks and the corral reefs around the coastline. Thus destroying the local environment ran How to cite Outline the reasons for the growth in global tourism over the last several decades, Papers

Speech to Inform Essay Example

Speech to Inform Essay Speech To Inform Speech to inform:Euro-2012 In April 2007, Ukraine and Poland were named co-hosts for Euro 2012 tournament. This joint bid, taking into account Ukraines tough economic condition and administration problems, has become a headache for UEFA President Michel Platini. The matches will be staged at eight venues, divided between the co-host countries. Ukraine is behind the schedule, having problems with modernization of airports, roads, and rail networks. As a co-host country, Poland seems to be doing better than Ukraine. Yet, it also has lots of problems. Platini made it clear that without modern stadiums in capital cities, Warsaw and Kiev, neither Poland nor Ukraine would host Euro-2012. Platini persuades Europe that football will develop in the East to an unimagined level after Euro-2012. It is true that football is very popular in Poland and in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Football teams have rich sponsors and good training centers. Their football stars for leading football clubs, like Andrei Shevchenko, a world-class star of the Ukrainian origin. Warsaws preparation for Euro-2012 is in full swing. The National Stadium in Warsaw is being constructed. Although the winter was not favorable for construction, much had been done to construct the stadiums diaphragm. The UEFA delegation visited Vrozlaw to assess the capacities of its airport and hotel accommodation. The new air terminals capacity will be seven million passengers yearly. A Polish-Greek consortium will build a stadium in Vroclaw with a stand for 42000 spectators. The Olympic stadium in Kiev is being reconstructed as well. Ukraine started to build a stadium in Lwow. Ukrainian authorities promise to finish the construction on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Inform specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The final list of city-hosts will have been prepared by the middle of May 2009. Each country hopes to host at least four venues. For example, besides Ukraines capital Kiev it may be Donetsk whose construction sites are sponsored by local oligarchs, owners of the local sports club Shakhtar. It may be Lwow that borders on Poland and has historical places under UNESCO protection. Poland and Ukraine were a surprise choice for Euro-2012, and Ukraine, in particular, still is. Football fans expect a lot from Euro-2012. There may be inconveniences, like unsatisfactory infrastructure in Ukraine. Poland could organize Euro-2012 alone. Ukraine as a co-host is a political decision that is more symbolic than pragmatic. Speech to Inform:Terorrism The anti-terrorist movement after 9/11 disaster. It has taken a burdensome mission to lead the global anti-terrorist movement, with the enemy invisible, hidden, and unpredictable. This mission gave birth to many mistakes and distorted the idea of a noble peacemaking mission. Civilian populations in Iraque and Afghanistan got involved; no progress was made against terrorism as the evil of the 21st century. Notorious violations of civil and human rights in Iraque ended in many protests, especially in the Muslim world. Terrorism is the plaque of the 21st century. Global mass media terrorize populations with the reports of shocking terrorist attacks. But the roots of terrorism remain untouched. Yet, terrorism may be viewed from the three perspectives. Terrorists defend their civil and human rights, they fight against injustice and discrimination. This is their story that must be heard. Victims suffer physically and psychologically from terrorist activities. They experience pressure, instability, danger, and unsafety. For them, terrorists are criminals that deliberately take away human lives. The public opinion depends on the attitude to either terrorists or victims. In the Muslim world terrorists may be treated as victims. In the rest of the world terrorists are considered to be criminals whose acts of severe violence must be punished. Terrorism is an asymmetric form of conflict because it always divides all the participants involved. It is a strategy and tactic, a duty and a crime, a reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination. Terrorism attracts public attention by committing severe acts of violence in public places and endangering lives of lots of people. It is savage-like and inhuman, for it values neither the life of a freedom fighter nor the life of a victim who is killed or badly injured only because he or she happened to be in the target place. Terrorists kill to obtain public exposure. The United States has defined the anti-terrorist priority measures. They include chemical plant security, transit security, terrorism risk insurance, disaster response, nuclear waste, and drinking water safety. It is hard to curb terrorism for several reasons. First, terrorists are well organized and have a strong network which is tied by fanatic faith in their cause. Second, terrorists are unseen. They are scattered all over the world, arranging terrorist attacks in unpredictable places. Third, terrorists are outrageous and resolute, fearless and stubborn to give their lives for their cause. Fourth, terrorists have support of the civilians who are on their side. Terrorism is our nightmare, unseen danger that may cost us our life. Terrorism is a criminal act, since no fight for justice can be justified by murders of innocent people. Without extricating the roots of terrorism, our governments will never achieve positive results. Terrorism is a response to oppression, poverty, and discrimination. When human rights are universally respected, terrorism will not have a justifiable soil under its feet. Cultivate love, not hate in your heart. Try to understand what drives terrorists. Remember, terrorism is like a love triangle: it is different form a terrorists, victims or public opinions perspectives. Speech To Actuate efinition – A speech intended to make an audience perform an action as desied by the speaker. The typical example, the characteristics of contents, development and manner of delivery would depend upon whether the action is to secure through either emotional arousal (Speech to Stimulate) or intellectual agreement (Speech to Convince). Common Errors Antaginizing your audience by dictating to or brow-beating them. Lead; don’t push! Begging ! Don’t give the impression that you have nothing to offer. Threating! This brings only resentment. Taking the negative approach by describing in unfluttering or caustic terms fail to do as you ask. Talking so far past the point of â€Å"closing the deal† that acceptance, or antagonism. Speech To Persuade HACC, Lancaster Campus Speech 101, Mr. Fernandes THE SPEECH TO PERSUADE (An Example) Note: The data presented in this sample speech is fictitious and is intended only as a backdrop for this illustration. Also, this example illustrates a mid point between the initial narrative form and the final note card form of the speech. This entire speech should be reduced to three or four 5 X 8 note cards for an extemporaneous presentation. Remember, the less narrative data on the note cards, the less temptation to read. Introduction 1. Attention: I wonder how many of us came to class tonighta wondering whether or not we would make it home safely? Most of us are not usually preoccupied with these type thoughts. But did you know that during the past 14 months 27 people have been seriously injured and 4 have been killed within one block of where you are sitting right now? 2. Personal Introduction: Good Evening, Im Jerry Fernandes 3. Motivational Statement: and tonight, Im going to provide you with some information that can literally save your life. In doing this Ill talk about 4. Overview: The nature of a serious problem that we are facing And then, Ill cover What has been done by city officials and law enforcement so far to resolve this problem And finally, Ill discuss What we can do now to protect ourselves from the threat this problem poses Body I. The problem that we are facing is the deadly intersection of H Street and Laurel Avenue. This intersection is dangerous to us all because it has no stop light. According to a summary of Lompoc City Police reports filed within the last 14 months, there have been 19 collisions at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Of these, 19 collisions, 11 were attributed to the failure of East/West Laurel Avenue traffic to stop at H Street. The remaining 8 accidents were attributed to motorist traveling North an d South on H Street, striking cars in the rear that had just turned on to H street from Laurel Avenue. An analysis of Lompoc traffic accidents was prepared by Mr. J. T. Brown of the California Department of Motor Vehicles Mishap Investigation Division, and published February 22nd,1996. In this analysis, the underlying cause of these specific 19 traffic accidents was listed as the lack of adequate traffic control at the intersection of H Street and Laurel Avenue. The analysis further went on to site the installation of a traffic signal as the recommended solution. I have copies of both the Summary of Lompoc City Police reports and Mr. Browns analysis If you would care to review them for yourself later. Well, now that weve examined the nature of the threat we are facing lets take a look at what has been done so far to defend against this threat. II. Debate by city officials and increased patrols by law enforcement have not solved the problem. The Lompoc City Council has debated installing a traffic signal. During the last two City Council meetings held in January and February of this year, the council acknowledged the need for a traffic signal but concluded that the cost of $127,000. 00 would take away from funds needed for other city projects. Police increased patrol of this dangerous area from October to December of 1996. 6 of the 19 accidents occurred during this three month period. Police can not be permanently assigned to observe one intersection. Manning just wont permit that. - According to Patrolman Danny Glover, a Lompoc City Policeman who was involved in the additional patrol of the H Street and Laurel Avenue intersection area (and I quote) While Police were present an d visible, people were normally more careful, but when no police were present it was business as usual. So weve taken a look at what has been done so far, now lets look at what we can do to further protect ourselves. III. In order to protect ourselves and those we love, we can drive defensively, but most importantly, we must demand a traffic light be installed without further delay. Driving defensively is always a good idea. Just being aware of a dangerous situation will naturally make us more alert. The more attentive we are anywhere, but particularly at this dangerous intersection, the more apt we are to avoid an accident. ut driving defensively is just not enough We must have that traffic signal and we must have it NOW!!! When we get this traffic signal installed we will all be safer. Tragedies will be prevented. The city council must hear our voices. Remember, 27 people have already been seriously injured and 4 have died at this intersection. $127,000. 00 may be a lot of mon ey but can we afford not to spend it on a traffic signal for the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street? How long will it be before you and I are one of those accident victims? How often do you use this Intersection? Will you use this intersection tonight when you leave class? We cant wait any longer !!!!! If we do not act now and demand the installation of this traffic signal then we will be contributing to the injuries and deaths and pain to surviving families because of our lack of action. We must act now!! The next City Council meeting will be held April 12th, next Thursday at 7:00 p. m.. The agenda includes comments and a call to vote on this traffic signal issue. The more of us who attend that council meeting and support immediate installation of a traffic signal, the better the chance we will have of getting it . Ladies and Gentlemen, attend that meeting with me and with me, demand this traffic signal be installed immediately!!! Conclusion 1. Summary: Well, tonight we Took a look at the nature of a serious problem we are all facing. The Intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street is a disaster waiting to happen to you and me and those we love. Remember the two separate documents which point to the lack of a traffic signal at this dangerous intersection as a prime contributing factor in the accidents which occurred there. Remember the 27 injured and 4 who were killed there, not one block from where we are right now. then We discussed what has been done so far by both city officials and law enforcement to deal with this problem. We saw that the City Council has been debating installing a traffic signal. We saw that the Police Department tried increased patrol of the area. But remember the words of Patrolman Glover, when he said that as soon as police were not immediately present it was business as usual. and finally We looked at what we can do to further protect ourselves from the threat posed by the serious problem of no traffic signal at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Remember, driving defensively is always a good idea. But most importantly, we saw that the immediate installation of a traffic signal is o ur best defense against this threat and we need to let our City Council know that we cant wait any longer. . Purpose Statement: So, ladies and gentlemen, now you have the information that can literally save your life. And so the time for action is here. I urge you to go to the City Council meeting with me next Thursday at 7:00 p. m. and demand a traffic signal be installed at the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street immediately!!! 3. Closure: If you need a ride to the meeting or if you have any questions, see me after class. Ill be happy to talk with you. Speech To Persuade Topic: Please Help Keep the World Safe SP: I want to actuate you to support banning guns Thesis: We should oppose gun ownership because guns are a weapon of violence and they increase the number of children who die each year which in turn makes people blind to the fact they are killing their own children. Introduction: Question: How many of you think guns are necessary to protect yourself? Would you feel the same way if you knew how often guns kill children? I dont think so! Magazines usually tell people how beautiful and powerful guns are, and never mention how many children get hurt by guns everyday. But I am here to ask all of you to oppose gun ownership because the fact is that guns are a weapon of violence, they take more lives away every year, and they make people blind to the fact they are killing their own children. I. Reason one: Having guns around the house creates the opportunity for lethal violence. A. People with guns who have unstable feelings or tempers can lead to violent consequences very easily. 1. My experience in a Chinese restaurant. (Explain) 2. A friend of my father shot his wife because of a simple argument. II. Reason two: Guns pose such a significant risk to children. A. Thousands of children dying by the gunfire each year. 1. Statistic: Eight children every day; and more than 50 children every week were killed by the gunfire. And every year, at least 4 to 5 times as many kids and teens suffer from non-fatal firearm injuries. (Childrens Defense Fund and National Center for Health Statistics) 2. Do we really need guns in our society? B. The rate of firearm deaths of children 0-14 years old is nearly twelve times higher in the U. S. than in 25 other developed nations combined. 1. Statistic: In one year, firearms killed no children in Japan, 19 in Great Britain, 57 in Germany, 109 in France, 153 in Canada, and 5,285 in the United States. (National Center for Health Statistics, 1997) 2. According to a study led by Matthew Miller found that in states where more guns are available, children are more likely to be victims of firearm- related deaths. . Children aged 5 to 14 living in one of the five high-gun states were twice as likely to commit suicide or to be murdered, three times as likely to die from firearm homicide, seven times as likely to die from firearm suicide, and 16 times as likely to die from a firearm-related accident. The study suggests the higher death rates are largely related to gun availability and are not due to difference in levels of poverty, education, or urbanization in these states. (Humphries as cited in Miller study, p. 1) b. People kill people with the use of guns III. Reason three: Guns create more family tragedies. A. Life can be taken very easily by improper use of firearms 1. Quote: Kalie was my baby sister, she loved pink. We were playing with her dolls. I found a gun in the drawer. It went off. I made Kalie go away. I hate me. (Atwan, America Now, 2003. Page 260) B. People might think that they can keep their weapons properly, but if there are no guns at all, there would be no chance of any gun-related accidents. C. Just think of Columbine High School and the senseless shootings there and all the families impacted by that tragedy. Conclusion: Bullets cannot be taken back, and the profit of firearm businesses cannot buy the lives that have been taken by firearms; therefore, we need to oppose gun ownership. I challenge you, the audience, to oppose gun ownership and save a life! Speech To Entertain Speaking to the Young Peoples Society in Greepoint, Brooklyn, in 1901, Mark Twain advised, â€Å"Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. † Writers Block Speeches that entertain can have a more profound effect on your life than speeches that inform or persuade. Thats because entertaining speeches are delivered at social occasions that give you the opportunity to ingratiate yourself with your audience. This often results in promotions, new employment opportunities, business contacts, and other goodies. For centuries, speakers have been called upon to â€Å"say a few words† at various social events. These include club meetings, dinners, parties, graduations, holidays, weddings, and ribbon cuttings—all our social functions. Sometimes these speeches help create greater unity within an organization. Other times, they honor individuals or fulfill part of a social ritual or special ceremony. What makes these speeches different from the other forms Ive described so far is their purpose: They dont inform or persuade. Instead, they entertain. Heres how to write speeches that weave the social fabric a bit tighter. Crowd Pleaser When it comes to speeches that entertain, if you cant be brief, at least be memorable. Write a speech thats easy to remember and tantalizing for the press to quote. For example, Winston Churchill was once asked to give the commencement address at Oxford University. Following his introduction, he walked to the podium, said â€Å"Never, never give up,† and took his seat. When you write a speech that entertains, always start by assessing your audience. You know that audience analysis is a crucial component in every writing situation, but its especially vital when youre writing an entertaining speech because here, your listeners are gathered to have a good time. They dont have to stay to gather information or to listen to your viewpoint (so they can later rebut it). As a result, always start by thinking how you can make sure the audience gets what they came for. Consider their likes and dislikes and their level of sophistication. Author! Author! President Woodrow Wilsons Declaration of War Against Germany speech (1917) contains the famous line: â€Å"The world must be made safe for democracy. † The speech is also remarkable for Wilsons insistence that â€Å"we have no quarrel with the German people †¦ We fight without rancor and without selfish object. † Such self-restraint and Wilsons promise that victory would result in â€Å"a universal dominion of right† helped win liberal support for the war effort. Come on Baby, Let the Good Times Roll After you complete your audience analysis, select a central theme, just as you did with informative and persuasive speeches. But here, remember that your audience just wants to have fun. Your topic should be genial, good-natured, and suited to you: after all, if youre not having fun, how can anyone else party hearty? Your overall theme should be †¦ †¢Optimistic. This is not the time to unburden your soul and let it all hang out. Keep it light. †¢Uncomplicated. Dont make your audience do any heavy lifting to get your point. Instead, develop your speech around one or two points that your listeners can grasp easily. †¢Lively. Select a theme that can be illustrated by pertinent anecdotes and humorous stories (if humor works with your comfort zone). But wait! Every entertaining speech, no matter how light and amusing, should have at least one serious point. A speech thats all sweetness and light can border on empty. Including one serious point serves as an anchor, so people feel like their getting their moneys worth, like the prize in the Cracker Jack box. The Line-Up Write Angles Open with your strongest anecdote and close with your second strongest one. Your listeners (just like your readers) will remember the beginning and end of your speech most clearly. Heres my favorite way to organize an entertaining speech: 1. Open with an anecdote. Select one that directly relates to your audience or purpose. 2. Explain the point of the anecdote. Describe how your speech will be organized around this point. 3. Beef up your theme with additional anecdotes. Remember to spread your anecdotes evenly through your speech so the really good stuff isnt all bunched in the beginning, middle, or end. 4. Conclude by restating your central point. 5. Finish with a great anecdote to ensure a memorable ending. Model Entertaining Speech #1 The following entertaining speech is by Mark Twain (1835-1910), one of the most captivating writers and speakers to ever grace a podium. Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, rocketed to fame with humorous local-color tales of the West; he became a media darling by transforming stories of his childhood into American myth. Twain was extraordinarily popular on the lecture circuit, a popular venue for public entertainment before movies, television, radio, and Madonna. Heres his speech: Author! Author! On May 13, 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill prepared England to battle the Nazis with these famous words: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. †¢You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs—Victory in spite of all terrors—Victory, how ever long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. †¢My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance efore an audience of human beings. By a direct process of memory I go back forty years, less one month—for Im older than I look. †¢I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a reporter, and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer. I knew that nothing short of compulsion would get me to the theater. So I bound myself by a hard-and-fast contract so that I could not escape. I got to the theater forty-five minutes before the hour set for the lecture. My knees were shaking so that I didnt know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful, horrible malady in the world, it is stage fright—and seasickness. They are a pair. I had stage fright then for the first and last time. I was only seasick once, too. I was on a little ship on which there were two hundred other passengers. I—was—sick. I was so sick that there wasnt any left for those other two hundred passengers. †¢It was dark and lonely behind the scenes in that theater, and I peeked through the little peek holes they have in theater curtains and looked into the big auditorium. That was dark and empty, too. By and by it lighted up, and the audience began to arrive. I had a number of friends of mine, stalwart men, to sprinkle themselves throughout the audience armed with clubs. Every time I said anything they could possibly guess I intended to be funny, they were to pound those clubs on the floor. Then there was a kind lady in a box up there, also a good friend of mine, the wife of the governor. She was to watch me inten tly, and whenever I glanced toward her she was going to deliver a gubernatorial laugh that would lead the whole audience into applause. †¢At last I began. I had the manuscript tucked under a United States flag in front of me where I could get at it in case of need. But I managed to get started without it. I walked up and down—I was young in those days and needed the exercise— and talked and talked. †¢Right in the middle of the speech I had placed a gem. I had put in a moving, pathetic part which was to get at the hearts and souls of my hearers. When I delivered it, they did just what I hoped and expected. They sat silent and awed. I had touched them. Then I happened to glance up at the box where the governors wife was—you know what happened. †¢Well, after the first agonizing five minutes, my stage fright left me, never to return. I know if I was going to be hanged I could get up and make a good showing, and I intend to. But I shall never forget my feelings just before the agony left me, and I got up here to thank you for helping my daughter, by your kindness, to live through her first appearance. And I want to thank you for your appreciation of her singing, which is, by the way, hereditary. Model Entertaining Speech #2 Since odds are that youll be writing and delivering more entertaining speeches than any other kind (and sweating more over them), heres another model you can use. This is an outstanding graduation speech delivered on May 21, 1998, by Jennifer L. Joyner-Lebling, the valedictorian of the graduating class at the State University of New York College of Technology at Farmingdale. Notice how Ms. Joyner-Lebling graciously credits others. Voyage of Discovery †¢Chairman Mastroianni, Dr. Cipriani, honored members of the college council, faculty, staff, fellow classmates, family, and friends, I am honored to have been selected Valedictorian of the graduating class of 1998. I am honored to represent your commitment, dedication, and accomplishment in achieving your goal to be here today. †¢Congratulations to all of you. As our celebrations end later today, consider tomorrow and realize that graduation is just one giant step in a very important direction. For some of us, this step has been a struggle full of obstacles, barriers, and distractions—for others it has not been that easy. However, through our struggles we have still accomplished our goal, and we are here today to celebrate our achievements. This awesome achievement we have made together, as well as the individual achievements of our team members. †¢Like Karen Conner, the Valedictorian for the Associates degree, who was awarded the National Scholarship from the Institute of Management Accountants. And like Michael Rodriquez of the Aerospace program, the recipient of the John L. Godwin Memorial Flight Scholarship awarded by the National Air Transportation Association Foundation. Each are receiving Chancellors Awards for Student Excellence. †¢And like Ornamental Horticulture graduates Pat Haugen, Elizabeth Boruke, Melissa Rig o, Steve Langella, Jessica Bottcher, Matt McFadden, and Steve Noone, who were members of a team which took first place at the Mid-Atlantic Horticultural Field Day at Suffolk Community College. Today is the culmination of a lot of work, a lot of sweat, a lot of tears, and a lot of money †¦ but we are not finished. This is not final. It is, however, a significant milestone in our voyage of discovery. We have just emerged on a whole new level. You are all outstanding representatives of our graduating class. But none of us accomplished these feats alone. We had our families, partners, and friends—and we had the tutelage and guidance of some pretty incredible teachers. Before you leave today, be sure to thank at least one teacher from whom you have learned while at SUNY Farmingdale, and let them know that they are appreciated. Thank you Dr. Gary Brown for your enthusiasm and passion for your subjects and for your interest in and concern for your students. †¢Thank you Dr. Richard Iversen for your never-ending support, encouragement, and mentoring. You have both made a substantial impact on my education and on my future. †¢Thank you Gary, Fred, Debbie, and Danielle for your guidance and friendship. †¢French novelist Marcel Proust once said, â€Å"The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes. In receiving our diplomas today, we are receiving â€Å"new eyes. † Use what you have learned here at SUNY Farmingdale to see things in ways in which you have never noticed before. Continue to learn. Open your minds to new ideas and concepts. We leave here with the ability to make a change, the capability to make a difference, and the responsibility to make a contribution. Congratulations to you, my fellow graduates, and good luck to you as you continue on your voyage of discovery Speech To Convince Home Birth Summit Finally! Midwives from different tracks will be joined by conscientious OBs, pediatricians, nurses and academics The Home Birth Consensus Summit will be a two- to three-day multidisciplinary summit with the goal of developing areas of consensus on the provision of home birth services in the United States What if I told you that there was a way to bring your child into the world without going through the process of delivery. Well, I would be lying. However, there are alternate means of delivery and I would like to talk to you about the differences between medical intevention childbirth and natural childbirth, also known as â€Å"prepared† childbirth. I will be noting research from several books, but most importantly, I will be giving you firsthand insight into this beautiful procedure. I chose to have my daughter by natural childbirth and I believe that if you are facing an uncomplicated delivery, you should too. Situation: Too many parents rely on unnecessary medicalized childbirth. Most parents feel like they need complicated medical supervision for this procedure that has been common since the dawn of man. Many mothers do not believe they can endure the pain without medication. Many parents have not been properly exposed to the concepts of natural childbirth and have therefore never seriously considered and researched prepared childbirth as a feasible option. Problem: Medicalized childbirth presents certain health risks. Painkillers can cross the placenta and cause adverse effects on your baby. According to the Fundamentals of Human Sexuality, these risks can include irregular heartbeat, higher rates of jaundice, breathing and temperature regulation problems and reduced muscle strength. According to Choosing Waterbirth, women who receive epidural during labor are twice as likely to have a cesarean section delivery. Fundamentals of Human Sexuality expands on this, noting that the U. S. has the highest cesarean birthrate in the world. Pain is something that no mother wants to deal with, but there are natural alternatives to painkillers. Massage therapy and other relaxation techniques can help a woman manage pain. According to â€Å"Choosing Waterbirth† the body produces natural endorphines to help you feel less pain. Medical intervention is more chaotic than natural childbirth. Studies show that adrenaline has a negative impact on the delivery experience and can actually offset the natural effects of pain fighting endorphines. The process of natural childbirth often involves serene settings with calm music and dim lighting. This contrasts sharply with the hospital experience. Maternity patients in a hospital are rushed though a checklist of medical procedures that can agitate an already nervous expecting mother. According to the New Midwifery, Midwives work hard to relax the patient, adapting their normal processes to the needs and desires of the parents. This helps promote a tranquillity that you won’t find in a sterile hospital environment. And finally, there is a cost component to hospital delivery that may not be necessary for most births. Hospitals use complicated procedures to manage risks that are not always present. Impressive, but expensive, medical technology has been developed in recent years to help doctors manage complicated high-risk births. However, the basic birthing process has been around since the beginning of time and the secrets of safe, effective delivery were thought out long before these modern advancements. Natural substitutions can achieve the same results as costly medical alternatives. For example, an IV solution to keep a woman hydrated during labor will cost more than simply allowing her to drink juice, as is customary in natural childbirth. Conclusion: Now, you may be thinking that this sounds like a great procedure but it is not for you. You may think that you cannot handle the pain or that you don’t want to deal with the risk. However, consider how you will feel after delivery as you are preparing your baby book for nostalgia. Do you want your recollection to be a blur of doctors, machines, and drug induced gaps in your memories or do you want it to be a happy remembrance of a loving experience with your family? With the right preparation, this can be a wonderful way to welcome your new addition into the world. Speech To Convince Downloading Music by Tobias Varland5 SPEECH GOAL: I want to convince members of the audience that they should not download music from the Internet. Audience Adaptation Plan AUDIENCE ATTITUDE: When I asked people about their feelings about downloading, I found that most realized that it was easy to do and that it saved them time and money. There was a general belief that downloading didn’t really hurt companies that much. But most also mentioned that they realized that it was not the right thing to do, but with so many doing it, chances of being caught were pretty low. As I put these data together, I determined that although the audience was not set against downloading, they were not totally in favor of doing it either. So I put the majority in the group of undecided, or not that worried about the consequences. REASONS: I believe that the three reasons that are most likely to convince the audience are that downloading is really harmful to companies, that downloading is harmful to the computer (few people even mention this as a possible downside), and that downloading is not only illegal, but can be costly. 3-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 262Chapter 13 Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience 263 SELECTING AN ORGANIZATION TO MEET AUDIENCE NEEDS: Given that the majority of the class seemed indifferent or certainly not worried about the consequences, I determined that a logical reasons approach was appropriate. I have organized my speech in such a way that it will gain momentum throughout the speech, and (hopefully) by the end of the speech the audience will have no choice but to consider my suggestions. Outline INTRODUCTION I. Over the past few weeks I’ve discovered that large numbers of people are doing something that in my mind is unbelievably stupid. II. They’re saving approximately 99 cents for doing something that could cost them as much as $150,000. III. They’re downloading copyrighted music off the Internet. THESIS STATEMENT: There are three good reasons for not downloading music off the Internet: it’s extremely harmful to recording companies and artists, it’s harmful to computers, and it’s illegal. BODY I. Downloading music is extremely harmful to recording companies and artists. A. Record sales have declined radically in the last ? ve years. 1. About 41 percent of people are downloading music for free rather than buying records, according to Fortune magazine. 2. Since 1993 average annual pro? t has dropped from 20 percent to less than 5 percent. B. People are losing jobs. 1. This year three major recording companies, BMG, EMI, and Sony Music, ? red 4,200 people as a result. II. The second reason that you should not be downloading music from the Internet is that it is extremely harmful to your computer. A. In order to download music from the Internet people must use some sort of spot check program. 1. Just one such program, His Eye, is has 65 million users. B. According to PC Magazine, by installing such a program you also install several others such as spyware. 1. These programs monitor who you send e-mails to, copies your e-mail messages, and stores them on your server. 2. They also send out spam directories that can actually take control of your computer, locking you out of your own computer, using your computer for illegal practices, and saying you are responsible for it because it is your computer. . For instance, a graduate student who is writing a thesis could have it stolen and published before he or she get a chance to print it. 3. Saving a few dollars instead of buying CDs or buying individual songs off the Internet can put people at such huge risk that it’s unbelievable that they continue to do it. III. The third and most important reason for not downloading music is that it’s illegal. A. Music in the United States is protected by copyright law. 1. When you download music off the Internet, you are committing theft. B. Recording studios have ? led numerous lawsuits. 1. According to CBC News, one company just ? led a lawsuit against four college students from New England who had all downloaded 1,500 songs apiece. (continued) 13-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 263264 Part 3 Informative and Persuasive Speaking 2. They sought ? nes of $150,000 per song that these students had downloaded, according to the CEC News. 3. Although the company didn’t get the $150,000 per song, each student was forced to pay somewhere between $12,500 and $17,500 and was kicked out of school. C. All of this happened because they wanted to save themselves 15 bucks per CD. CONCLUSION I. So, think about it: downloading is harmful to the recording industry, it is likely to be harmful to your computer, and most of all, it could result in tremendous ? nancial loss to you because it is illegal. II. I would encourage you to consider these things before you download anything else. Consider whether or not it’s really worth it. SOURCES: CBC News (Web Site), http://www. cbc. ca/stories/2003/05/02/Consumers/record/ lawsuit 03052. Seith, Robert CWK Senior Producer, â€Å"Downloading Copyrighted Music,† http://www . connecting withkids. com/tipsheet/2003/115_mar12/music. html. Songs in the Key of Steve,† Fortune Magazine, May 19, 2003. â€Å"Spyware: It’s Lurking on Your Machine,† PC Magazine, April 22, 2003. â€Å"Study Links Burning and Downloading to Falling Music Sales,† The Write News, June 20, 2003, www. writenews. com. Sweeting, Paul â€Å"Avast ye pirates! The copyright industries, particularly the record companies, are enteri ng dangerous new waters. † Video Business, June 30, 2003 v23 i26 p10(1) Speech As I was talking with a lot of my friends and acquaintances, I discovered a pretty amazing phenomenon. I discovered that almost every person I talked to does something that in my mind is unbelievably stupid. Anyone know what I’m talking about? It’s a behavior that has become extremely popular: illegally downloading copyrighted music off the Internet. Today I’d like to convince you that you should not download music on your computer. Why? For at least three reasons. The ? rst reason is that it’s extremely harmful to recording companies and recording artists. I’m going to discuss some numbers with you—and I want you to think about them. The ? rst number is 61. According to The Write News, CD record sales in the United States have dropped 61 percent in just the last year. The second number is 41. Downloading has become extremely popular, according to Fortune magazine. Today, about 41 percent of people who love music are downloading it for free rather than buy records. Third is a set of numbers: 20/5. Obviously downloading is very harmful to recording companies. In 1993 recording companies made an average annual pro? t of just over 20 percent. Now they’re making less than 5 percent pro? t. That’s 20 to 5! The last number is 4,200. During this last year, three major recording companies, BMG, EMI, and Sony Music, have ? ed 4,200 people because they could not gainfully employ these people. As much as you would like to think that music is for the sake of art, people do it because they love doing it, music is a business. To get their money out of it, recording companies can’t continue to produce music, the artists have no ambition in producing music, and therefore by downloading music most people would say, I’m trying to support this music, I want to listen to it, I want to hear it —what they’re really doing is destroying an industry and insuring that there will not be as much music produced in the future. The second reason that you should not be downloading music from the Internet is that it is extremely harmful to your computer. In order to download this music from the Internet, almost everybody uses some sort of spot check program. The most popular program right now is called His Eye, a program that has as many as 65 million users. The problem is that when you install His Eye on your computer, you install numerous other programs like spyware. This spyware does things to your computer such as monitors who you send e-mails to, copies your e-mail messages and stores Analysis Tobias begins indirectly by sharing is opinions about a behavior that has become ver y popular. This indirect method is designed to get people interested in determining what he is going to talk about. Here, he states his goal and mentions that he will focus on three reasons. His ? rst reason is designed to focus on one important harm that results from downloading. Notice the presentation of information used to supp ort his point. Throughout this section he cites sources and gives a variety of statistics. Here he tries to get his audience to think about what he has said. He makes a good case showing that downloading has in fact a major effect on companies and artists. In this second reason Tobias looks at material with which the audience may be totally unfamiliar. Here he is talking about side effects that result from downloading methods. Some of these side effects don’t seem to be that importance, 13-W3237 11/18/04 3:18 PM Page 264Chapter 13 Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience 265 them on your server, copies your editors’ books, sends those addresses out to spam directories that can actually take control of your computer, locking you out of your own computer, use your computer for illegal practices and saying you are responsible for it since it is your computer. Let’s look at a potential consequence. Suppose you’re a graduate student and you’re writing a thesis paper. It could be stolen and published before you get a chance to print it. It seems that people are doing this to save themselves a few dollars from buying CDs or buying individual songs off the Internet and putting themselves in such huge risk that it’s unbelievable that they continue to do it. The third one, and the most important reason why this should not be done is, it’s illegal. Music in the United States is protected by copyright law. When you download this music off the Internet, you are committing theft. Recording companies recently have been on a kind of a rampage in catching people who’ve been doing this. They want to be very aggressive about it. And they just ? led a lawsuit against four college students from New England who had all downloaded 1500 songs apiece. The recording industry sought a ? ne of 150,000 dollars per song that these students had downloaded. This is according to the CEC News. The recording industry didn’t get the 150,000 dollars per song, there’s no way that these students could ever pay that much money to the recording companies. Each student was forced to pay somewhere between 12,500 and 17,500 dollars along with being kicked out of school and they were very lucky apparently to avoid at least a six-month jail sentence. All to save themselves 15 bucks per CD. I know that as a college student if somebody told me that I was responsible all of a sudden for paying a 15,000 dollar ? ne, I’m kind of out of luck—I can’t pay a 15,000 dollar ? ne. So, thinking about it, there are these three very obvious reasons that by downloading off the Internet you are costing people dollars, you’re destroying some people’s careers, sound engineers, that’s all they know, they can’t be employed anymore, because their companiesare undermined by people trying to save a few dollars. you’re putting your privacy and your computer at risk and making yourself further liable for damages done with your computer by other people. And you’re breaking the law. In a society where people—if people don’t obey the law, in one instance, what’s to keep them from not obeying in another instance. How can you break this law and condemn somebody else for breaking another law? It doesn’t make sense, the whole package of downloading copyrighted music off the Internet doesn’t make sense, and most people just don’t think about that. So I would encourage you to consider these things before you download anything else. but in fact are. He shows that allowing access enables others to take advantage of your machine. In short, he’s focusing on unnecessar y risks that may result from your use of various downloading programs. Notice how he keeps coming back to his key point: for relatively small savings, you are taking remendous risks —and you might not even be aware of the potential harms. Since the audience may not totally accept the importance of these ? rst two reasons, Tobias closes with his third, and most important reason—that some or much of what your doing is not only illegal, but also could be tremendously detrimental to you. The point is that the industr y is making examples of some individuals by seeing to it that they pay ? nes. So the costs are not $150,000, but would you be able to afford the 12,500 to 17,500 dollars that some have been required to pay? And, can you afford to be â€Å"kicked out of school? Again he comes back to the relatively small amount of money that people save in comparison to what can be monumental risks. Here he does a good job of reinforcing and reemphasizing the nature of the problems that are being created as a result of downloading. He ? nishes with a strong appeal to the lack of sense of continuing such behavior. A ver y good speech of reasons. Notice how he put a strong reason ?rst, a reason that might be important second, and the strongest reason third. Most of his information was well documented. And the way he presented the information really gets us to think.