Peter Paul and Mary - Blowin in the Wind Essay Example for Free

Peter Paul and Mary Blowin in the Wind Essay Peter, Paul, and Marys â€Å"Blowin in the Wind† is actually quite appealing to a mainstream audience, due to the simple arrangement and catchy hook. The accompaniment is easy to follow and understand, which makes it accessible to listeners that do not necessarily have a music education. Also, the tight vocal harmonies between two men and one woman are very interesting, because that sort of setting is not typical for popular music fare. Also, for being a folk song, the twang or accent is very subdued, which would possibly turn off some listeners who might be averse to folk tunes. Theres a good deal of vocal inflection in Marys voice, which pulls on the listener emotionally. For someone who does not particularly prefer folk music, the song is actually quite pleasant, and the strong lyrical content is definitely worth a second glance. Conversely, Bob Dylans version is more spoken, and contains a more rubato vocal performance. Also, the inclusion of the harmonica heightens the folk quality to the song. Moreover, Bob Dylans diction is much more â€Å"country,† with hard â€Å"Rs,† â€Å"jist† in the place of just, and â€Å"yesn† in the place of yes. Those minor shifts create a rustic feeling, where Peter, Paul, and Marys diction was more refined, for the folk style. These two different takes on one song make a lasting difference, in terms of the presentation of the material. Peter, Paul, and Marys version of the single sold a phenomenal three hundred thousand copies in the first week of release. So, perhaps it is safe to say that folk songs can be popular, they just have to be presented in such a way that appeals to a wide audience, while still staying true to the roots. It is not an easy task to fulfill, but Peter, Paul and Mary have proved that it can be accomplished.

Hacking satellite cards :: essays research papers

Writing a "Private 3M Script" First it is important to define the term "3M." The term "3M" simply refers to a script's ability to unlock all of the channels, based on the saying "All for one, and One for all!" from the "3 Musketeers," (which came from the old days of hacking cable boxes where all channels were viewable through one channel). Anyway, "3M" now is just a generic term for a card that has all channels open and no stealth or write protection. In stealth scripts, the "3M" code refers to the actual part of the code that enables the video.All scripts that open all of the channels are 3M's, however most people are referring to scripts that auto-update on their own, when they refer to a 3M. The card auto-updates because it has no commands blocked, and it appears to be a normal subbed card, as much as possible. The EASIEST type of 3M to write is to modify a valid bin file, by editing it in BasicH. Before you can write a script to modify the card, you need to be able to edit a bin file manually to make those changes. If you read through this page carefully you will find everything you need to know to modify a valid bin file with unique jump points and a 3M code. After you are done editing your valid bin file you will have a private 3M that auto-updates, with private jump points. To remove simply do a 1-STEP clean in BasicH or BasicU. If you follow the directions you should have a fairly safe 3M to use. If you have a private 3M (that does not have code in any regions that have been changed ago updates) your card would still be running today no matter HOW long they've been you installed it. They can only send a "killer" ECM that will loop your cards if they have 8 known bytes in a row that they can hash. In order to ZAP your card with an ECM your card needs to be detected as being "hacked." In order to do this they need to know you card's "signature," and your signature is based on the "extra&quo t; data that is on your card: the jump points and 3M code. If they don't know your jump points or how exactly you broke up your 3M code then it is not possible for them to target you since they won't know the "signature" of your card. Hacking satellite cards :: essays research papers Writing a "Private 3M Script" First it is important to define the term "3M." The term "3M" simply refers to a script's ability to unlock all of the channels, based on the saying "All for one, and One for all!" from the "3 Musketeers," (which came from the old days of hacking cable boxes where all channels were viewable through one channel). Anyway, "3M" now is just a generic term for a card that has all channels open and no stealth or write protection. In stealth scripts, the "3M" code refers to the actual part of the code that enables the video.All scripts that open all of the channels are 3M's, however most people are referring to scripts that auto-update on their own, when they refer to a 3M. The card auto-updates because it has no commands blocked, and it appears to be a normal subbed card, as much as possible. The EASIEST type of 3M to write is to modify a valid bin file, by editing it in BasicH. Before you can write a script to modify the card, you need to be able to edit a bin file manually to make those changes. If you read through this page carefully you will find everything you need to know to modify a valid bin file with unique jump points and a 3M code. After you are done editing your valid bin file you will have a private 3M that auto-updates, with private jump points. To remove simply do a 1-STEP clean in BasicH or BasicU. If you follow the directions you should have a fairly safe 3M to use. If you have a private 3M (that does not have code in any regions that have been changed ago updates) your card would still be running today no matter HOW long they've been you installed it. They can only send a "killer" ECM that will loop your cards if they have 8 known bytes in a row that they can hash. In order to ZAP your card with an ECM your card needs to be detected as being "hacked." In order to do this they need to know you card's "signature," and your signature is based on the "extra&quo t; data that is on your card: the jump points and 3M code. If they don't know your jump points or how exactly you broke up your 3M code then it is not possible for them to target you since they won't know the "signature" of your card.

Pain Measured Visual Analogue Scale Health And Social Care Essay

The reappraisal of related literature is a indispensable facets of scientific research. Its entails the systematic designation, contemplation, critical analysis and coverage of bing information in relation to the job of involvement. The intent of reappraisal of literature is to obtain comprehensive cognition and in depth information about the effectivity of ambulation on improve maternal comfort decrease of hurting perceptual experience, result of labor during first phase of labor. The intent of reappraisal literature is to obtain comprehensive cognition and in depth information about the effectivity of ambulation on maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience & A ; result of labor. The literature gathered from sole reappraisal is depicted under the undermentioned header. Section A: Literature related to trouble perceptual experience during first phase of labor. Section B: Literature related to assorted maternal places for maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor during first phase of labor. Section C: Literature related to ambulation to better maternal comfort, result of labor and cut down hurting perceptual experience. Section D: Literature related to non pharmacological hurting alleviation methods during first phase of labor for maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor.Section A: Literature related to trouble perceptual experience during first phase of labor.Campbell & A ; Kurtz ( 2004 ) conducted a descriptive survey characterized the labor hurting at two phases of cervical distension with selected group 78 labouring female parents and compared the hurting experienced at 2 phases of dilation ( 2-5 centimeter and of 6-10 centimeter ) with adult females in Greenville. Stage ‘s of hurting measured by Visual Analogue Scale, Present Pain Intensity, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and 1 experimental step, the nurse-rated Behavioural Index of Pain. The survey consequences revealed that there was important addition in hurting with increased dilation occurred for all female parents both prim and multigravidas. He concluded that labor hurting was equalin primi gravida th an the multigravidas. Lopez & A ; Pires ( 2000 ) conducted the randomized control trail survey was designed to measure the relationship between the parturients place and her abdominal and lumbar ( uninterrupted and contraction ) hurting during the first phase of labor. A homogenous group of 100 parturients was selected in obstetric section of a general infirmary, Argentina. Samples were indiscriminately assigned to alternately presume the horizontal or the perpendicular place for 15-min periods. Positions were safely selected by the parturients. Therefore, the female parent adopted ( a ) a self-elected place, ( B ) recumbent ( or erect ) , ( degree Celsius ) a self-elected place, ( vitamin D ) erect ( or recumbent ) , and so on. Pain strength was measured by the Argentine Pain Questionnaire ‘s Present Pain Intensity and the Huskisson ‘s ocular parallel graduated table. The findings revealed that a bulk of parturients felt less abdominal and lumbar hurting, either uninterrupted or due to contra ctions, during recumbency. The consequence was more singular when dilation exceeded five centimeters and less intense during the first half of the first phase of labor. He concluded that place may helpful to cut down the hurting degree during first phase of labor. Mikolajczyk, Sundaram & A ; Beaver Fraser ( 2010 ) conducted a study survey in aimed to analyze labor forms in a big population and to research an alternate attack for naming unnatural labour patterned advance. The survey were selected sum of 26,838 parturient, who had a singleton term gestation, self-generated oncoming of labor, vertex presentation, and a normal antenatal result in Maryland. An interval-censored arrested development method was used.The consequences revealed that Nulliparous adult females had longest and most gradual labor curve and get down the active stage after 5 centimeter of cervical dilation and may non needfully hold a clear active stage and multiparous adult females of different paras had really similar curves. Researcher concluded that active stage of labor may non get down until 5 centimeters of cervical dilation in multiparous and even later in nulliparous and after 6 centimeter distension merely the advancement in all gestation during labor. Niven & A ; Gijsbers ( 2004 ) conducted the exploratory survey aimed to analyze the nature, beginning, and effectivity of hurting get bying schemes used during childbearing with 51 British adult females was assessed around the clip of birth. Pain was measured by ocular parallel graduated tables and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Analysis of informations obtained in an drawn-out semi-structured interview. Subjects were found to utilize a scope of schemes during labor, many of which they had antecedently used to get by with hurting. In findings that the entire figure of schemes used in labor was negatively correlated with degrees of labor hurting.Section B: Literature related to assorted maternal places for maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor during first phase of laborAndrews CM & A ; chrzanowski ( 1985 ) Conduct a randomised clinical test to measure the maternal comfort by supplying assorted unsloped places in 40 laboring adult females ‘s randoml y assigned to either unsloped recumbent place. During the stage of maximal incline of labor. When the cervical distension from 4cm to 9cm, Every hr during the stage of maximal incline. The research worker examined each sample vaginally to find her cervical distension and assessed her degree of comfort by utilizing maternal comfort appraisal tool the adult females in unsloped place group had significantly shorter stage of maximal incline of in labor and easing uterine contractions & A ; increasing comfort to the female parent. Bauer et Al ( 1987 ) Conducted a comparative survey to measure the effects of standing place and supine place on self-generated uterine contractions and other facets of labor in 20 normal term female parents they were given by standing and supine place frailty versa with the clip continuance of 30 proceedingss the research worker examined each sample every 30 proceedingss for cervical distension and hurting perceptual experience. The research worker found that the strength of contractions was significantly higher in 15 out of 20 female parents in standing place frequence of contraction diminished and Reduced continuance of labor.the research worker concluded that there is no inauspicious effects and complications in standing place during labor. Carlson ( 1999 ) in an article a survey by supplying different maternal places to measure the comfort position foetal out semen & A ; duet ion of labor. In 80 gravida I unsophisticated female parents. The places chosen by female parents. The research worker found that the different places improved maternal comfort & A ; fetal out semen. & A ; cut down length of labor. Chen shin-zon ( 2003 ) in an article stated that a survey to measure the effectivity of sitting place on labour hurting during first phase of labour.the research worker found that in sitting place the increased resting force per unit area in the sitting place is of some importance in the supplementing the down ward bringing force and increasing bearing down force per unit area in the sitting place could assist to significantly shorten the continuance. Gupta et Al ( 2000 ) In an article stated survey To measure the safe birth good maternal & A ; fetal out come by supplying unsloped places at Birmingham adult females ‘s infirmary Edgbaston, UK the places adopted natively by adult females during birth has been described as early 1882 by Engel am. The research worker found that by supplying assorted unsloped places [ like keeping Rope, delivering chair, hardhearted, crouching ] the female parent will hold safe birth decreased perinatal jobs. Liu ( 2003 ) conducted a descriptive survey to measure the cut down continuance of labor by supplying up right places in 68 primi gravida female parents between the age of 18 to 25 old ages were assigned to three groups. One group used a 30 grade unsloped place with no bearing down instructions and 2nd group used a 30 unsloped place with bearing down instructions the research worker found that the unsloped place enhanced the descent caput with shorter continuance of labor in both first and 2nd phase of labor. May berry et Al ( 2003 ) in an article stated descriptive survey to measure the facilitating advancement of labor by supplying assorted unsloped places. At New York university. The survey sample is 74 laboring healthy adult females. Supplying unsloped places for all adult females. The research worker founded that easing advancement of labour decrease of vaginal hemorrhage better neonatal out semen. Miquelutti et Al ( 2007 ) conducted a explanatory survey to measure the effectivity of unsloped place during first phase of labor during first phase of labor to better obstetrical and perinatal result. The research worker allotted 50 four adult females for experimental group. They were given unsloped place and other 50 three adult females in control group they were given supine place.the difference between two groups were evaluated by utilizing I†¡2 will coxon and fishers exact trials significance was p & lt ; 0.05 hazard ratio is 95 % . The research worker concluded that the unsloped place during first phase of labor will cut down continuance of labor. Roberts et Al ( 2005 ) stated that systematic reappraisal to cut down instrumental bringing by supplying up right places during labour.in Centre for perinatal wellness in Sydney.the survey participles were 281 gravida I female parents in that 166 experimental group provident up right places & A ; its control group in accumbent place each trail is analysed by utilizing meta analytic techniques. The research worker concluded that the up right place during labour important decrease of instrumental bringing & A ; continuance of labour perinatal injury & A ; bleeding. Roberts & A ; Malasonos ( 2003 ) conducted a randomised clinical test by supplying sitting in a chair and a side lying to measure the maternal comfort & A ; uterine efficiency among 19 gravida I female parents alternated between these two places at 30 minute interval for as long possible during labour locating place during early labor [ cervical distension less than 6cm † ] and prevarication on their side in late labor [ cervical distension greater than 6cm † ] . The research worker found the uterine efficaciousness less in the locating place than in side lying place and besides locating place will better maternal comfort. Sandi ( 2001 ) conducted dual blind survey to measure the continuance of labor by supplying unsloped place in selected parturient at the Negress oriental provincial infirmary the research worker provided 45 degree unsloped place the aestivator found that Reduce maximal length of labor in both first & A ; 2nd phase of labor and good new born out comes. Streamer et Al ( 2005 ) conducted that Randomized control test of evaluate the rotary motion of fetal caput by supplying Hands & A ; Knee places for occipito posterior place to occipita anterior during labor. In 13 labour units in university attillated infirmary survey participates were 147 laboring adult females with a occipito posterior place in that 70 were custodies keep place at least 30 min over per 1hour the experimental group and 77 were control group. ( No custodies knee positioning ) The research worker used extremist echography to happen out fetal caput rotary motion. Head rotary motion following one hr. The research worker conclude that the experimental group had important decrease in relentless back hurting, changing of fetal caput to occipito posterior to occipito anterior place and other results like decreased operative bringing and decreased perennial injury and besides good foetal out semen. And the control group have the comparative hazard of operative bringing. vino kiln spectators ( 2003 ) stated that instance control survey to measure the maternal and neonatal out come by supplying assorted places. At section of OBs & A ; gynecology of the university infirmary viema between 1997 -2002 entire survey participants were 714 drudging adult females. 307 adult females were control group supplying supine place & A ; 307 were experimental group supplying unsloped places ( crouching & A ; other alternate birth places. The analysis was restricted to 37 hebdomads normal sized fetus & A ; cephalic persecution with out any medical ( or ) obstetrical hazard the research worker found that unsloped place associated with good effects such as a lower rate of episiotomy, and decreased usage of medical analgesia & A ; Pitocin.Section C: Literature related to ambulation to better maternal comfort, result of labor and cut down hurting perceptual experience:Hemmiki et Al ( 1985 ) conducted a pilot survey to measure the maternal comfort & A ; length of labor by s upplying ambulation vs. oxytocin disposal. The research worker selected 50 seven female parents indiscriminately assigned control group & A ; experimental group.the research worker used as randomized control test for this survey. the research worker provided ambulation for experimental group & A ; oxytocin for control group. In experimental group 60 % of the adult females in the ambulation delivered their babes with out Pitocin. The average length of first and 2nd phase of labor was reduced and besides they had positive results on the other manus the control group.they are experienced stronger contractions before forcing and besides enduring from strong contractions. The research worker finds that ambulation will better maternal comfort, out semen of labor & A ; diminishing length of labor. Lawrence et Al ( 2009 ) conducted a randomised clinical test to measure maternal comfort & A ; lessening length of labor by supplying walking and unsloped places at Townsville infirmary Queensland Australia with the sample of 3706 pregnant gravida I female parents they were utilizing random and quasi random trying for comfort and experimental group in experimental group who are different unsloped place and walking the research worker concluded that the first phase of labor about one hr shorter than in a recumbent places and other results labour it will increase good being of female parents & A ; fetus Lupe et Al ( 1986 ) in an article stated that assess the consequence of ambulation during first phase of labor to cut down length of labor.and besides it will rush the advancement of labour.ambulation will better maternal satisfaction, and besides it will better maternal and fetal out semen. The research worker reported the ambulation reported the ambulation during labor will better greater maternal comfort and ability to digest labors and ability to digest labor hurting, lessening usage of anesthesia and analgesia. Read ja mitter et Al ( 1981 ) conducted a comparative survey to measure the effectivity of ambulation versus oxytocin disposal on better labour advancement. The research worker selected 14 female parents ( who failed augmentation in active stage of labor ) assigned eight female parents in experimental group, they were given ambulation and six female parents in control group, they were given oxytocin extract.the research worker used telemetry to supervise maternal and fetal status in foetus bosom rate and activity in female parent station of the caput, cervical distension, uterine activity contraction, frequence and efficaciousness. The consequences included labour advancement significantly better in ambulatory group the research worker concluded that ambulation is effectual than oxytocin. Souja et Al ( 2006 ) in an article a survey to measure to cut down the length of the first phase of labor by supplying ambulation and unsloped places at Brazil the research worker used Randomised control tests carried to measure the consequence of ambulation the research worker found that the ambulation in the first phase of labor will better maternal comfort & A ; cut down the length of labor. Stewart & A ; caldera ( 1984 ) conducted a survey meta analysis to measure the effectivity of maternal position on the advancement of labor. The research worker selected 275 labour adult females are indiscriminately assigned as control group and experimental group, control group were non given any specific place and experimental group were given ambulation. Radio telemetry was used to place fetal bosom rate the consequences included in ambulatory group shorter stage of labor and had maternal satisfaction, relived from hurting. The research worker concluded that there were significantly shorter labour stage of labour stage in ambulation group. William et Al ( 1980 ) conducted a clinical test to measure the effectivity of ambulation during first phase of labor on improve maternal and fetal result. The research worker selected 48 parturient female parents as experimental group they were given ambulation and another 55mothers are control group they were non given any ambulation. The consequences include the experimental group ( who are given ambulation ) shows improve maternal comfort, cut down hurting and better maternal and fetal result. The research worker concluded that the ambulation in first phase of labor will better maternal and fetal out semen. Wilson mi et al ( 2009 ) conducted a comparitive survey to measure the maternal comfort & A ; cut down instrumental bringing at Royal Hallam shire infirmary U.K on 1052 gravida I female parents. The research worker divided in to two groups. Ambulation for experimental group extradural anesthesia for control group the research worker found that there is difference in experimental group than control group ambulation will better maternal comfort & A ; Reduce length of labor.Section D: Literature related to non pharmacological hurting alleviation methods during first phase of labor for maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor.Labreque & A ; Novmen ( 2000 ) conducted a randomized survey to measure the effectivity of non pharmacologic attacks to relief the low back hurting. The probe selected a sample of 30 four adult females by utilizing three non pharmacological attacks line intradermal saline H2O injections, trans cutaneal electrical nervus stimulations, stand ard attention including back massage, whirl pool bath and broad mobilization. The research worker indiscriminately assigned 1 of 3 interventions. The research worker used ocular parallel graduated table.The adult females ‘s were self evaluated both strength and effectual. The research worker used to measure satisfaction by utilizing labour a aristocracy graduated table and bringing satisfaction index. The consequences included. The adult females received intradermal unfertile H2O injections group. Unpleasantness of hurting lower than standard attention group. While the teens group ( P= 0.01 and P= .003 ) similar consequences were observed for strength P= .01 and unpleasantness P=.03 hurting assessed merely earlier bringing.The research worker found that there is no important difference between all 3 group but first group has received back hurting during labor. Lee & A ; Chang Jiang bent ( 2000 ) conducted a quantitative survey to measure the effectivity sp6 G-Jo on labor hurting and bringing clip in labour the research worker selected randomized clinical test at university attached infirmary with the sample size of 75 labour adult females indiscriminately assigned n=36 were experimental group n=39 were control group harmonizing to para, cervical distension, rupture of membranes and labour phase. the research worker include 30 proceedingss acupressure on sp6 acupoint was performed labour hurting was measured four times utilizing structured questionnaire and ocular parallel graduated table. instantly after intercession and 30-60minutes after intercession there were significantly difference between the group in subjective labor hurting tonss at all clip points instantly after intercessions ( p=0.012 ) 30 proceedingss after intercession ( p=0.021 ) and 60 proceedingss after intercession ( p=0.012 ) the entire labor was significantly shorter in experimental group. The research worker concluded that sp6 G-Jo was effectual in diminishing labor hurting Simkin & A ; Ohra ( 2004 ) Conducted a qualitative survey to measure the effectivity of non pharmacological methods on labor hurting alleviation maternal satisfaction other obstetric labor. By giving non pharmacologic hurting alleviation methods. At North America in selected infirmaries. The probe used five non pharmacological methods. Those are continuos labour support, touch, bath massage, maternal motion and posters. And intra cuticular H2O blocks for back hurting alleviation. The probe found that all methods are effectual to cut down labor hurting.Increase, maternal comfort and out semen of labor. Toumarie & A ; Theauyomeau ( 1982 ) In an article on G-Jo on labor hurting alleviation.the research worker used randomized control test for survey to use G-Jo over lumbosacral country during first phase of labour the research worker found that the G-Jo will relief from labour hurting during first phase of labour death usage of anodynes. Water & A ; Raiser ( 2002 ) Conducted a survey to measure the effectivity of ice massage on labor hurting the research worker selected Hispanic and white pre labour adult females as a survey sample. The research worker used ice massage of the G-Jo energy meridian point big bowel and ( L 14 ) to cut down labour hurting during contractions ( L 14 ) is located at median mid point of tegument between pollex and forward finger. The research worker chosen pre & A ; post prove design and which used 100 mm ocular parallel graduated table and MC Gill pain questionnaire ranked numerically, verbally to mensurate hurting degrees. Participants noted a hurting decrease mean on the VAS of 28.22 on the left manus & A ; 11.93 millimeter on the right manus. The research worker concluded that ice massage is a safe, effectual, not invasive method of cut downing labour hurting.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

IntroductionThroughout history, our conceptualization of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been changing alongside changes in the way we have viewed the world. With the dawning of the Renaissance in Western Europe, religious explanations based on demonic possession were superseded by a more humanistic understanding. By the early seventeenth century, the obsessions that drove Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth to suicide were recognized to be a product of her guilty mind, for which there was no medical cure.Obsessions and compulsions were first described in the medical literature of the early nineteenth century. They were viewed as an unusual expression of melancholia. By the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of psychoanalysis, the focus shifted onto psychological explanations based on unconscious conflicts, but this did not provide a useful strategy for treatment. The subsequent application of learning theory to OCD led to the development of effective behavioural treatments in the 1960s and 1970s.Compared with the pace of these historical developments, modern understanding of OCD has expanded with dramatic speed. The development of effective medical treatments of OCD has revolutionized the outlook for sufferers and propelled OCD to the forefront of scientific attention. With the growth of research into the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, neurobiology, neuropsychology and genetics of OCD, reviewed throughout this publication, the emphasis has once again swung back toward a medical model. As we enter the twenty-first century, we now recognize OCD as a common, treatable form of major mental disorder.After the pioneering epidemiological catchment area (ECA) studies carried out by the National Institute of Mental Health in the early 1980s reported that the prevalence of OCD was substantially higher than expected, (Robins, Holzer, & Weissman, 1984) repeated population studies using similar methods have demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% worldwide (Weissman, Bland & Canino, 1994).   Taiwan and India were the only exceptions, with rates below 1%. If these estimates are accurate, then OCD affects more than 50 million people in the world today. The prevalence does not appear to be influenced by socioeconomic status, educational achievement, or ethnicity. The disorder is more common than schizophrenia, and about half as common as depression. Yet the illness remains largely under-recognized, and the psychosocial and economic costs to society from untreated OCD are high (Hollander, & Wong, 1998).   It is not surprising that the World Health Organization has now recognized OCD as a public health priority.While there is little doubt that the ‘hidden epidemic' of OCD exists, the actual prevalence of clinically relevant disorder has been called into question. In the ECA studies lay interviewers were trained to make DSM-III diagnoses using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). However, clinical reappraisal of DIS -positive cases resulted in less than 25% continuing to meet the criteria for OCD (Nelson & Rice, 1997).One explanation is that the rates of illness reported in the original ECA studies may have been exaggerated. Alternatively, the findings may reflect variability in the severity of the disorder over time.Obsessive compulsive disorder is more common in women, although the differences are not as obvious as in depression or other anxiety disorders. An average female to male ratio of 1.5:1.0 is accepted for the community at large, although the ratio appears roughly equal in the adolescent population, reflecting perhaps the earlier onset in boys. In particularly in males, having obsessions and compulsions or magical thinking, poor social adjustment, and an early chronic course, predicted a worse outcome.A more recent 5-year prospective follow-up study of 100 OCD patients showed that in spite of the introduction of modern treatments, outcomes were similar to Skoog and Skoog's cohort, wit h only 20% reaching full remission of their OCD, 50% showing partial remission, and the remainder unchanged or worse over 5 years. Less severe illness and being married were associated with a better outcome (Steketee Eisen & Dyck, 1999).Most patients suffer a mixture of different obsessions or compulsions. Surveys have consistently identified contamination fears as the most common obsession, with concern about harm to others, pathological doubt, somatic obsessions and the need for symmetry also occurring frequently. Half of all OCD patients admitted for treatment suffer compulsions in the realm of repetitive checking or excessive cleaning and washing. 20 Key themes have been identified that underlie most symptoms. These include abnormal risk assessment, pathological doubt and incompleteness.Patients with OCD usually retain full insight into the absurdity of their symptoms, although this is not always the case (Insel & Akiskal, 1986). The DSM-IV singles out patients with poor insight as a meaningful subgroup. These individuals have more complex symptomatology, which makes diagnosis more difficult, and tend to be more severely ill. They have only a limited sense of the excessiveness and irrationality of their thoughts and behaviours and are therefore difficult to engage in treatment. They may appear to be deluded (and hence receive inappropriate treatment) but longitudinal studies show they do not go on to develop schizophrenia-like illnesses. In a cohort of 475 patients with OCD, (6%) displayed lack of insight.Mild forms of obsessional behaviour, such as repetitive checking or superstitious behaviour commonly occur in everyday life. They only meet the criteria for OCD if they are time-consuming, or associated with impairment or distress.Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, impulses and images also occur in other mental disorders thought to share a relationship with OCD: for example, the preoccupation with bodily appearance, in body dysmorphic disorder; with a feared object, in specific phobia; with illness, in hypochondriasis; or with hair-pulling, in trichotillomania. A diagnosis of OCD should only be contrast; men predominate in surveys of OCD referrals, possibly reflecting a greater severity in males.Women during pregnancy and the puerperium are particularly at risk of developing the disorder. In a study by Neziroglu et al of 59 mothers with OCD, experienced their symptoms for the first time during pregnancy. In many cases, pre-existing obsessional tendencies are unmasked and exaggerated by the events surrounding childbirth.Obsessive compulsive disorder is considered to be one of the most strongly inherited mental disorders (Pauls, Alsobrook, & Goodman, 1995). Approximately one-fifth of nuclear family members of OCD sufferers show signs of OCD, and the younger the sufferer the more likely they are to have a first-degree relative affected. The clustering of OCD and Tourette's syndrome (TS) within families suggests a common inherited factor.Th e course of the illness can vary from a relatively benign form in which the patient experiences infrequent, discrete episodes of illness interspersed with symptom-free periods, to malignant OCD, characterized by unremitting symptoms and substantial social impairment.In a 40-year prospective follow-up study, reported by Skoog and Skoog, the authors managed to locate and examine 144 out of 251 OCD patients who had previously been admitted as inpatients under their care between 1947 and 1953. 1Given that effective treatments for OCD were not developed until the end of the study, much of the data is naturalistic. The authors found that roughly 60% showed signs of general improvement within 10 years of onset of illness, rising to 80% by the end of the study.However, only 20% achieved full remission even after nearly 50 years of illness; 60% continued to experience significant symptoms; 10% showed no improvement whatsoever; and another 10% had worsened. In 60% of cases the content of the obsessions shifted markedly over the follow-up period (Pauls, Alsobrook, & Goodman, 1995).One-fifth of those who had shown an early, sustained improvement subsequently relapsed, even after 20 years without symptoms, suggesting early recovery does not rule out the possibility of very late relapse. Intermittent, episodic disease was common during the early stage of illness, and predicted a more favourable outcome, whereas chronic illness predominated in the later years.Early age of onset, made if there are also unrelated obsessive-compulsive symptoms, in which case more than one diagnosis may be warranted. Activities such as preoccupation with eating, sex, shopping and gambling are not considered genuine compulsions because they are not egodystonic, and the individual usually only tries to resist because of the adverse consequences.Reference:Hollander E, Wong C, 1998). Psychosocial functions and economic costs of obsessive compulsive disorder, CNS Spectrums (3 (5) suppl. 1:48-58.Insel T, Akiskal H, 1986. Obsessive compulsive disorder with psychotic features: a phenomenological analysis, Am J Psychiatry 143:1527-33.Nelson E, Rice J, 1997. Stability of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Am J Psychiatry 154:826-31.Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W et al, 1995). A family study of obsessive compulsive disorder, Am J Psychiatry 152 : 76-84.Robins LN, Holzer JE, Weissman MM et al, 1984 Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites, Arch Gen Psychiatry (1984) 41 :949-58.Steketee G, Eisen J, Dyck I et al, (1999) Predictors of course in obsessive compulsive disorder, Psychiatr Res   89 (3):229-38.  Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GL et al, 1994. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, J Clin Psychiatry 55 :5-10.

Which Promotions Work and Which Dont

Which Promotions Work and Which Dont Im of the mind, these days, that ninety percent of promotional efforts are wasted. The world is choked with books, writers, people fighting to make a living with their words. Anyone can write a book, and anyone can post one for sale. After years of promoting novels, even from a platform such as FundsforWriters, Ive learned a hard lesson: Most promotional efforts do not work. We read blogs and ask for advice, trying to figure out which marketing tools work best. Well, guess KONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERA what? Any tool being touted as the best, any trick being shouted as effective, or any method being taught as the way to sell the most books . . . does not work. Why? Because everybody wants to do what works, and if everybody is doing it, then it becomes white noise and it quits working. Those people telling you the best way to sell are making more money telling you how to sell than selling their own books, unless they are selling how-to-sell books. Who wants to be a party to feeding that monster? Twitter is clogged with people shouting to buy their book. Sit back and watch your Twitter feed. Its been proven that saying buy my book never works, yet thousands continue to spew it. Facebook has groups that do nothing but post books for sale, and a zillion people keep posting their books on those groups like they are going to sell those books to all those other authors trying to sell their books. Goodreads is noisy with readers and authors trying to figure out what to do with Goodreads. Nobody has been able to say theyve made tons of sales via Goodreads. Do the Google search if you dont believe me. The bottom line is there is no one way to promote yourself, but you better be sure of the following no matter how you go about marketing: 1) Whatever you do has to be original, or originally implemented. 2) You better write a lot of books, because for someone to like you, they have to know they can binge on you if they find you interesting (a la Netflix Syndrome). Having one book only pisses them off. 3) You best be genuine in whatever you do. Its just so sad to see writers travel from event to event, sitting at lines of tables, in a room of several dozen authors, thinking they will stand out. They might as well be hiding. Quit asking others what they did, because its already been done. Quit following the crowds. Write your books. Promote in a manner that makes you feel good about yourself. And finally, be yourself. Readers are hungry for fresh and real. Thats hard to find because everyone is struggling so hard to be like everyone else. Get real.

Assignment Essay Essay Example for Free

Assignment Essay Essay Sustainable tourism is being able to the deliver positive environmental, social, and economical results with thought to the needs of the visitors, host community and surroundings. Sustainability as defined in the Brundtland commission report it states as â€Å"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their needs†. For example, the small business are starting to practices sustainability principles by changing to renewable energy sources, reducing use of paper and recycling more. As a result, the concept of sustainability addresses the aspects of â€Å"triple bottom line† meaning the balance of societies, economy and the environment are described by (Bonevac, 2010). According to the World Tourism Organization, â€Å"sustainable tourism means meeting the needs of the present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future†. Instead of just being a product, sustainable tourism is a philosophy that underpins all tourism actions (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? , 2003). To all tourism development and management, it is a fundamental concept instead of being an add-on factor. The foremost aim of sustainable tourism is to maintain the economic and social return of tourism development while reducing or justifying the unattractive impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment (Governemnt, 2009). The stated objectives attained by matching the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Sustainable tourism is an industry, which challenges to make a little impact on the environment and the local culture, though helping to produce income, employment and the preservation of local ecology. Hence, responsible tourism is both cost-effectively and culturally responsive, meaning have minimum impact on the environment and culture of the host community (Group, 2007). Scotland Tourism Organization has defined sustainable tourism as â€Å"tourism committed to generating a low impact on the surrounding environment and community by acting responsibly while generating income and employment for the local economy and aiding social cohesion† (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Scotland Sustainable tourism aspires to guarantee that economic development in terms of encouraging experience for each one involved local community, Tourism Companies and visitors. In practice, sustainable tourism means greener transport, given that transport is innermost to tourism; however it also put pressure on our natural resources and contributes to our worldwide environment impacts. Procedures like cheering visitors to utilize communal transport, and advance in cleaner forms of transport will assist in this area (Organisation v. . , 2013). Regular and environmental strains a more even stretch of visitors lessens pressures on the natural and built environment and on communities, and capitalizes on the financial payback. Scotland Tourism Organization modifies its advertising drive to persuade a stretch of visitors throughout the year and around state (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For example, â€Å"surprise yourself†. There is necessary to work with the public, private and independent sectors to determine the environmental and social impacts of tourism. These guarantees that tourism expansion carries a encouraging experience for home people, tourism companies and the tourist themselves (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Green accommodation is one in that all room offers lessens their misuse, energy and water use. The green Tourism Business Scheme persuades businesses to trim down their environmental impacts. The scheme is one of the largest of its land in Europe with over 800 Scottish members (Organisation v. s. , 2013). However, any tourism industry can take advantage from flattering more sustainable through safeguarding the very features on which tourism depends; taking a sustainable move to tourism expansion is the only way to guarantee long-term tourism expansion in the South Pacific (Organisation v. s. , 2013). The success of tourism in any country depends on taking care of the environmental or social impacts of tourism development. The visitors benefit from sustainable move to tourism throughout from enhanced relates with local communities, a tall value tourism experiences and a natural and fabricated environment. Thus, by fetching a sustainable tourism destination will provide the South Pacific Tourism Businesses a cutthroat frame by producing community assistance for tourism; attaining value savings and designing innovative marketing prospect. As the tourism industry develop in as many regions and countries, it generates noteworthy impact on the consumption pattern, natural resources, pollution and social systems (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For the industry to survive as a whole it is vital to understand and interpret the need sustainable and responsible planning and management. To begin with, education and collaborative partnership are approaches that can assist destinations attain more sustainable tourism. The whole idea of sustainability based on the association through environmental, ecologically and socially responsible tourism. Partnerships with local communities through rural community gathering before and during development are needed in order to let alone the frequent divergence between conservation initiatives and traditional resources users (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). The departments from the government can collaborate with the resource owners to develops and negotiate over the investment on proposal (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). For example, the Chumbe Island Coral Park is a good example of collaborate partnership, which was developed to sustain the natural beauty and attractions of the island (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). Chumbe Island is located in the Indian Ocean channel of the coast of the semi autonomous region of Zanzibar (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). The person responsible for the project on the natural park at Chumbe Island was (David, 2011). During her work life, (David, 2011) experience the need for the conservation and sustaining of the natural flora and fauna. (David, 2011) developed an innovative approach to protect marine conservation combined with tourism development through the sustainable and multilevel partnership approach to promote successful marine park management, awareness of marine conservation and sustainable tourism management. David, 2011) Develop a small marine park that would help consume a unspoiled coral reef, offer environmental education for both the locals and the foreign visitors and generate management fund through authentic ecotourism. Thus, the need for the park at Chumbe Island arose due to improper aid and the government in the country noted conservation programs. Hence, the collaborative partnership arose to sustain the nature conservation of Tanzania for the future (English National Park Authori ties Association, 2009). Secondly, the partnership approach deals with the local communities because they are the essential people who are the resource owners (Governemnt, 2009). Engaging the local community in the environmental education on sustainability through workshops and seminars will increase their concerns for the global issues such as climate change (Clark, 2013). In addition, collaboration with NGO has to hold workshops with the angler’s, to engage them in sustainable fishing practices and conservation of the resources (David, 2011). Thus, the young and the old generation in the area is to be informed about sustainable fishing practices, laws and regulation regarding fishing practices and marine conservation area and the benefits of marine protected areas (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). All this environmental awareness, education and training initiative with the community are to provide skill development on sustainable tourism (Group, 2007). The scale of growth of the tourism industry In the South Pacific is rapidly and that the environmental and social, economic impacts of it cannot be overlooked (Azam & Sarker, 2011). This has caused the Pacific Region to find ways in which the industries could be made more sustainable. The industry is more sustainable through minimizing resource use and waste production (Othman, 2004). For the sustainability of tourism, water is the major issue for concern. For example, a tourist in a hotels uses on standard one third of more water per day than a local inhabitant uses and put severe restriction on local supply (Othman, 2004). Activities such as golf course, artificial snow ski’ resorts are in demand of water. For small and medium sized business, sustainability thought of an expensive and difficult idea (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). Most of the dominating tourism industries in the South Pacific have not actively engaged in government activities that encourages that adoption of sustainability practices (David, 2011). There are a number of barriers identified by the researchers that hinds implementing sustainability practices in South Pacific tourism businesses including the financial crisis for implementation, the labor insecurity of being certified, lack of government and industry support the technical nature of information forums. Hence are a number of actions businesses could undertake to improve environmental performance (Azam & Sarker, 2011). Activities’ relating to efficient resources use and waste management includes minimizing energy consumption, for example using open ventilation instead of air-conditioning and heaters encouraging the use of renewable sources and improved technology also Getting involved in accreditation programs (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? 2003). There is a need to promote and facilitate the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and water quality including the efficient treatment of sewerage, avoiding discharge into marine and rivers (Organisation, 2005). For example, in Australia the Australian formula 1 ING grand Prix Corporation, which works with environmental packaging and waste recycling partner to minimize the impact of the race on the environment? Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008) Thus, by minimizing waste use, energy use and waste production, businesses can reduce their impact on the environment and achieve cost savings (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). Furthermore, the conserving and giving value to natural and cultural heritage is of critical importance’s, in order to enhance the quality of life of local communities through tourism, and connect the people in is scheduling and management (Organisation, 2005). The growing awareness’s and generating direct and indirect support for conservation is the key role played by the tourism industry (Group, 2007). The generation of economic propensity for the tourism industry is to provide with quality natural and cultural heritage (Azam & Sarker, 2011). This would ensure the long-term competitiveness, viability and the prosperity of tourism enterprises and destinations and the quality of life of local communities and to the visitor experience by providing a safe, satisfying and fulfilling experience to the visitors available to all without discrimination by gender, race, religion, disability or in other ways (Organisation, 2005). Areas that are of importance to tourism natural and cultural includes the natural landscapes quality and variety, man-made cultural landscapes, heritage and historic sites, the flora and fauna diversity, local uniqueness such as art, crafts, cuisine, language events and festivals (Organisation, 2005). Thus, to address these issues listed above relevant action like being more prepared to use the tourism argument as to fund the prevention of nature and culture and to prevent damaging change (Clark, 2013). Also strengthening the relationship between protected area and local tourism interest, within the context of a sustainable tourism strategy and action plan would lead the South Pacific to be more sustainable (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Sustainable development is holistic in nature; therefore, it requires management of policies and coordination of action between sectors (Othman, 2004). To control the impact of tourism initiated by environmental or developmental strategies and policies legislation and regulations are necessary (Governemnt, 2009). Appropriate strategies or sets of policies for specific aspects of tourism were developed. For example, in Bulgaria the separate strategy for ecotourism, which reflects the sustainability principles? (Bonevac, 2010) This initiative can also be taken by the local Ministry of Environment of Tourism to integrate the strategy in terms of regulations (David, 2011). In coordinating and ensuring success of this specific sub-sector, such regulations and legislations can be very helpful. This can be very helpful in demonstrating processes and formulating policies that could be modified more widely in tourism (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). Strategy and policies must be developed and implemented at both local and national level in order to achieve effective result. Most countries in the South Pacific are in the process of decentralizing their political and administrative structures so local decision-making is the vital aspect toward sustainability development (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). An integrated approach to the development and management of tourism is within local destinations, is recognized as the most successful direction to sustainable tourism (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, it is vital for the national and local strategies to be corresponding but these two variable in tourism strategies vary in terms of national tourism strategies relates to the national tourism vision of the overall position and direction (Organisation v. s. , 2013). While local tourism strategies relates to the holistic of the local destinations in areas such as local objectives and priorities, local resource opportunity and constraints and many more (David, 2011). Hence, the identifying of policies and instruments to create the enabling environment for sustainable tourism is more of national strategy while the determining of what happens on ground is more of local strategies (Governemnt, 2009). Both the national and local tourism strategies are required for sustainable tourism to embrace the principles of sustainable development and both strategies are reliable and commonly reinforcing (Othman, 2004). Finally, the command control instrument allows government to exert strict control over certain aspects of development and operation, backed by legislation (Organisation, 2005). Legislation, regulation and licensing are the interdependent tools that can be used to strengthen sustainability by setting out requirements that are compulsory and enforceable and which lead to sanctions and penalties if they not met (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). The process of checking and signaling compliance with regulations or otherwise identified obligatory standards; assigning permission to operate is called licensing (Organisation, 2005). To control aspects of business development and operations and to influence people’s behavior government are in a position to apply laws, regulations and penalties. These legislation and regulations must be applied when the governments believes that it is necessary to do so (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, for regulations to be successful, it has to be relevant, clear, practicable in terms of compliance and capable of being enforced. In order the tourism industry to be more sustainable the laws and legislations should enable and support the sustainability of tourism and give authority to act (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). It should also seek to raise sustainability performance above such standards through other means, which would also stimulate personal commitment towards continual improvement. For example, in the government of Fiji builds up a (EIA) environmental Impact Assessment regulation, which stated that for any company or hotel with an EIA reports in Fiji, has to provide the Fiji Government with an EIA report of the development to progress (Turnbull, 2003). There are a number of areas in which laws and regulations can be implemented to attain more sustainable tourism industry and that includes operation, management and development which are controlled by this legislation to protect the environment, communities, culture and heritage, visitor experience and the business as a whole (Turnbull, 2003). The purpose of government intervention in the sector as law provides a vehicle for underpinning sustainability. These legislations can also provide the basis for enabling the control and licensing of activities specific to the tourism sector and for the undertaking to certain action to support tourism development (Organisation v. s. , 2013). To conclude, sustainable tourism is all about forecasting of long-term, working together examining on results and adaptive to change and the most effective thing is communication to put across the message of sustainable tourism. It is the duty of the private, public and independent sector to acquire leadership role in tackle the challenge of this sector. The degree at which the tourism industry is increasing in the South Pacific forecasts that the environmental and social impacts of tourism cannot be disregarded. Traditionally, a number of sustainable tourism activities has been carried out and is supported by the national Tourism Organization of the South Pacific countries. However, there are a number of challenges that still stay alive and need attention in order to be more sustainable tourism industry, like climate change. In order to tackle these challenges and grip future sustainable opportunities in a harmonized manner, research and development done in these South Pacific countries to handle these issues through sustainable tourism strategy plan. The tourism strategies plans would assist the tourism industry to change unenthusiastic community discernment of the industry and achieve economic benefits through sustainable practices. It believed that it would egg on business to hold sustainable tourism practices in order to meet consumers demand and to improve business performance. Sustainable tourism should be broadcasted and celebrated amongst tourists, host communities and the participants in the industry move the industry toward sustainability. Nevertheless, the commitment to change and improve must be authentic and supported on well-established procedures and actions that is to be achieved. Assignment Essay. (2016, Sep 09).

Speluncean Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speluncean Paper - Essay Example Chief justice Truepenny made a ruling that found the accused guilty of murder, which she supposed that it was in accordance with the Commonwealth law. However, I do not agree with the opinion of proposing the course of action to the Executive. The rationale for such a statement is that her presumptions had a considerable influence on the case and the ruling. Such a statement also implies that the chief justice hindered the independence of the executive through the imposition of his mind. As such, there is a conclusion that the ruling must have been biased because there is no element of the collaboration of the jury (Hockett 2013). Justice Foster ruled that the plaintiff was innocent after an interpretation of the loopholes of the Commonwealth law. For instance, in his ruling, the judge claimed that the case was under the guidance of the law of nature, which meant that the accused did not commit murder. He assumed the weakness of the law and interpreted it to the rest, which made his judgment a possible source of other related crimes. He made a mistake in quoting a number of cases that explored the weaknesses of the law to make rules of the nature that he made concerning the case. The third ruling involved Justice Handy, who considered opinions polls from the public to make sympathy judgments. The judge applied only a little component of the law in making his decision almost unlawful. The approach he took to consider the opinions of the public was not wrong, but choosing to incline his ruling to sympathy diluted justice according to the law. The accused found themselves innocent because the pubic thought so and influenced the opinion of the judge. Justice keen’s ruling should have had the fairest legal touch should he have considered the nature of their decision. For this case, the judge ruled in accordance with what the law of the land